Embalming II Second half of semester test

The odor of rotten cabbage is linked to the decomposition gas of 

_methanethiol 

What minimum distance is required to reduce exposure to radioactive isotopes

3 feet

If gas is found in the tissues, has odor of decomposition but no skin slip or blebs, it most likely is

Gas gangrene

Postmortem chemical and physical changes occur simultaneously throughout the body 

false

In order to correctly remove scaling skin you could (choose all that apply)

firmly wiping with a solvent

shaving loose skin with a razor

Cleaning the area using an abrasive

When RCI is used (choose all that apply)

the cavities can be aspirated before the features are set

An example of localized discoloration is (choose all that apply)

Black eye

Excision of a protruding tongue 

Is the last option 

May be considered mutilation 

When measuring the preservative demand during primary flaccidity, rigor mortis is not a factor 

true

Formaldehyde grey occurs after embalming, (choose all that apply) 

is extravascular 

_{is intravascular} 

The pulsation setting on the embalming machine is effective in distributing fluid to extremities 

true

During sectional embalming while injecting the arms and legs where decomposition is evident (choose all that apply) 

_{faster rates of flow are needed}   

_{higher pressure is needed} 

Rigor mortis is recognized in the body 

In 2-4 hours after death 

The first external signs of decomposition are a green discoloration in the (choose all that apply) 

lower right quadrant 

Epigastric region 

A decedent that presents with intense livor mortis, petechia and cyanosis would indicate 

drowning

Blood passed from the capillaries into the tissue spaces is a result of hemolysis 

false

Rigor mortis passes in the body 

approximately 36 hours after death 

Melanocytes are present in all people in the same relative number 

true

Postmortem stain (choose all that apply) 

occurs 6 hours after death 

Rigor mortis is fully established in the body 

_{in 6-12 hours after death} 

Ecchymosis can be classified as a (choose all that apply) 

_{therapeutic discoloration} 

_{blood discoloration} 

_{pathological discoloration} 

Formaldehyde causes bilirubin to change to biliverdin 

false

During embalming while injecting the body where decomposition is evident (choose all that apply) 

_{slower injection is needed} 

The term discoloration means (choose all that apply) 

To change color 

Color is removed or lost 

ou can combine the application of autopsy gel and preservative powders on the surface of the body to enhance preservation of decomposed tissues 

true

Skin slip, discolorations and gas accumulation in body cavities are accelerated by trapped heat and moisture in the pouch during refrigeration 

true

Short-term mortuary refrigeration is necessary to suspend naturally occurring postmortem changes 

true

Treating a black-eye, it is best to (choose all that apply) 

avoid pre-injection and mild solution strengths 

A decedent that presents with intensive livor in the face and capillary rupture would indicate 

Hanging

When embalming a body that has been dead for a long time and swelling of the sublingual, submaxillary and parotid glands occur (choose all that apply) 

make a semilunar flap incision and channel the glands to reduce swelling 

Apply very firm digital pressure 

Excise the swollen tissues 

In bodies in rigor mortis (choose all that apply) 

_{has a lack of uniform solution distribution} 

_{the degree of rigor varies within different muscle groups} 

_{the tissue pH varies throughout the body} 

_{the preservative demand varies in the different tissues} 

A mild arterial fluid solution can be substituted for pre-injection and then followed by stronger solution strengths to treat jaundice 

true

The arterial strength needed for when decomposition is evident should be (choose all that apply) 

30+

When sub-temperature refrigeration units are used for long storage (choose all that apply) 

It will completely stop decomposition 

It will freeze body tissues 

Distention of the abdominal cavity can create (choose all that apply) 

Lung purge 

Anal purge 

Stomach purge 

A decedent that presents with blistering and redness to the skin would indicate 

Second degree burns 

Once rigor mortis passes (choose all that apply) 

tissues will soften as decomposition progresses without a stronger solution 

the demand for preservative increases greatly

Discolorations from deaths by carbon monoxide poisoning are antemortem and intravascular 

true

Treatment of an abrasion includes (choose all that apply) 

drying of the area before restorative treatments 

apply massage cream around the abrasion during embalming 

Classifications of discoloration areas can be separated by (choose all that apply) 

Cause 

Time of occurrence 

location 

Specialty jaundice fluids are formulated to (choose all that apply) 

be very low in formaldehyde 

 contain no formaldehyde 

When well-developed musculature is observed during rigor mortis it is a sign that (choose all that apply) 

rigor mortis will be difficult to relive 

These choices for injection are best used when embalming is delayed (choose all that apply) 

restricted cervical 

  6-point 

Dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide both smell of foul garlic 

true

Increase of tissue pH into the alkaline range after rigor passes and decomp begins, means there are now additional sites for reaction with preservative 

true

Livor mortis and postmortem stain are both intravascular 

false

The first area(s) of the body to be injected during RCI is/are (choose all that apply) 

limbs

trunk

Ecchymosis can be classified as a (choose all that apply) 

Pathological discoloration 

Therapeutic discoloration 

Blood discoloration 

Postmortem bruising happens 

rarely

An abrasion is any traumatic or pathological change in the structure of the skin 

false

The smell of rotting fish is an indication of the decomposition gas of (choose all that apply) 

cadaverine 

putrescine 

Postmortem chemical change may occur prior to, during and after arterial injection 

true

Carotene (choose all that apply) 

a cellular element 

is an acquired yellow-orange pigment 

Nephritis and uncontrolled diabetes can contribute to 

renal failure

Dye used in the embalming solution (choose all that apply) 

indicates that the surface tissues have received fluid 

do not indicate deeper tissues have received fluid 

Wet gangrene is a pathological discoloration caused by (choose all that apply) 

venous obstruction with tissues appearing bright reddish to black 

Ascites is edema of the

abdominal/peritoneal cavity

Tuberculosis and AIDS are classic examples of illnesses that produced severe emaciation and dehydration

true

The three layers of arteries are (choose all that apply)

tunica externa

tunica adventitia

tunica media

tunica intima

Canalization is present In

type 3 of arteriosclerosis

If only the elbow area is swollen with edema, it may be wise to lance and drain after embalming if dressing and casketing need to happen soon

false

Examples of local dehydration challenges include (choose all that apply)

razor burn

epidermis is removed for transplant

abrasion

Pitting edema is intracellular

false

Edema affects all body types, even emaciated bodies

true

Type 1 of arteriosclerosis

the intima wall is thickened but present no restrictions in embalming

This type of moving air promotes dehydration (choose all that apply)

warm

cool

dry

If a decedent survives severe burns, death commonly results from renal failure

true

Anasarca will dilute the arterial solution

true

Lymphedema and lymphatic obstruction are the same thing

true

Best technique(s) used before injection to relieve pressure caused by ascites of the thoracic cavity include (choose all that apply)

insert the trocar at the standard point of trocar entry and guide to lateral wall of the abdomen

Ascites can exist undetected until the embalmer begins to aspirate the cavity

true

The pulmonary semilunar valve allows blood to flow from the lungs to the right ventricle

false

If only the elbow area is swollen with edema, it may be wise to lance and drain after embalming if dressing and casketing need to happen soon

false

The aortic semilunar valve opens into the aorta from the left atrium

false

Solid edema can be gravitated/moved

false

The left atrioventricular/mitral valve of the heart allows blood to pass from L atrium to L ventricle

true

The right atrioventricular/tricuspid valve of the heart allows blood to pass from the R atrium to R ventricle

True

The pulmonary semilunar valve allows blood to flow from the lungs to the right ventricle

false

To help reduce edema during injection, it is best practice to (choose all that apply)

use interrupted injection

begin at a slow rate of flow

When congestive heart failure is the primary cause of death, you can expect (choose all that apply)

the facial tissues are discolored due to blood congestion

blood to be congested in the right side of the heart

Tissue blebs (choose all that apply)

should be necessitate surface chemical compresses and wrapped

contain edematous fluid seeped from deep tissues into the superficial layer

accompany severe edema

should be lanced and cauterized

Solid edema can (choose all that apply)

only be treated with excision

If there is to be a long delay between embalming and viewing, excessively elevate the head during storage

false

Desiccation is a form of preservation

true

Edema is said to be established when there is an increase of

10% increase in total body water

Diabetes often have comorbidities including (choose all that apply)

obesity

arteriosclerosis

hyperlipidemia

Best technique(s) used before injection to relieve pressure caused by ascites of the abdominal cavity include (choose all that apply)

use a scalpel to make an opening in the abdominal cavity in inguinal area

use a scalpel to make an opening in the abdominal cavity in the hypogastric area

Best technique(s) used before injection to relieve pressure caused by ascites of the thoracic cavity include (choose all that apply)

insert the trocar at the standard point of trocar entry and guide to lateral wall of the abdomen

It is best practice to re-aspirate and re-inject cavity fluid of a decedent who died of renal failure

true

Hydrothorax is edema of the

pleural cavity

Drainage from both the left and right internal jugular and utilizing continuous drainage helps reduce facial edema

true

Edema of the face should be treated

by using RCI

In treatment of edema, and in addition to a strong coordinated solution, you should (choose all that apply)

use massage cream

channel the tissues

Thoroughly embalmed tissues dehydrate less than under-embalmed tissues

true

Ascites will dilute the arterial solution

false

The aortic semilunar valve opens into the aorta from the left atrium

false

Fatty deposits in an artery are called atheroma

true

Hydrocephalus is edema of the

cranial cavity

Drainage from both the left and right internal jugular and utilizing continuous drainage helps reduce facial edema

true

Things to avoid in order to minimize dehydration include (choose all that apply)

use of hypertonic solutions
concurrent drainage