Joints & Bones

how many bones in the human body?

206

how many bones in the axial skeleton?

80

how many body systems & which are they?

1. reproductive

2. circulatory

3. respiratory

4. skeletal

5. muscular

6. integumentary

7. nervous

8. urinary

9. digestive

10. endocrine

term for the study of bones

osteology

term for study of joints

arthrology

how many bones in the cervical vertebrae?

7 (C1-C7)

how many bones in the thoracic vertebrae?

12 (T1-T12)

how many bones in the lumbar vertebrae?

5 (L1-L5)

how many ribs total?

24 (12 front, 12 back)

how many cranium bones?

8

how many facial bones?

14

how many bones in the ear?

6 (3 in each ear: auditory ossicles)

how many bones in the appendicular skeleton?

126

how many carpal bones?

16 (8 in each hand)

what are the carpal bones?

• scaphoid

• lunate

• triquetral

• pisiform

• trapezium

• trapezoid

• capitate

• hamate

how many metacarpals?

10 (5 in each hand)

how many upper phalanges?

28 (14 in each hand)

how many tarsal bones?

14 (7 in each foot)

what are the tarsal bones?

• calcaneus

• talus

• navicular

• cuboid

• cuneiforms (3)

how many metatarsals?

10 (5 each foot)

how many lower phalanges?

28 (14 each foot)

what bone is the only bone not connected to any other bone in the body?

hyoid

classification of bones

• long

• short

• irregular

• flat

classification of joints

• functional

• structural

functional classification of joints

• synarthrosis (immovable joint)

• amphiarthrosis (limited movement)

• diarthrosis (freely movable)

structural classification of joints

• fibrous joints (held by fibrous connective tissue)

• cartilaginous joints (held by cartilage)

• synovial joints (fibrous capsule w/synovial fluid)

types of fibrous joints

• syndesmosis (held by ligaments-fibia/tibia)

• suture (only in skull)

• gomphosis (peg in socket-teeth)

types of cartilaginous joints

• symphysis (fibrocartilage unites bones-pubic symphysis)

• synchondrosis (temporary joint; hyaline cartilage converts into bone at adulthood; eg., epiphyseal plate)

range of motion synovial joints allow?

• non axial (slipping movements)

• uniaxial

• biaxial

• multiaxial

types of synovial joints?

1. plane joints: gliding movement

2. ginglymus/hinge joints: flexion & extension only

3. pivot/trochoid joints: rotational movement

4. ellipsoid/condylar joints: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

5. saddle/sellar joints: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction

6. ball & socket/spheroidal joints: greatest range of motion

7. bicondylar joints: flexion, extension, limited rotation

which portion of long bones is responsible for producing red blood cells?

a. periosteum

b. spongy or cancellous

c. hyaline

d. compact aspect

b. spongy or cancellous

what type of tissue covers the ends of the long bones?

a. spongy or cancellous

b. periosteum

c. hyaline or articular cartilage

d. compact aspect

c. hyaline or articular cartilage

what is primary center for endochondral ossification in long bones?

a. diaphysis (body)

b. epiphyseal plate

c. epiphyses

d. medulla

a. diaphysis (body)

what is the name of the secondary growth centers of endochondral ossification found in long bones?

a. diaphysis (shaft)

b. epiphyseal plate

c. epiphyses

d. metaphysis

c. epiphyses

the aspect of long bones where bone growth in length occurs is termed:

a. diaphysis (shaft)

b. epiphyseal plate

c. epiphyses

d. metaphysis

d. metaphysis