R&W

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40 Terms

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Appeal to Force

This is when a threat, instead of a reasoning, is used to argue.

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Anonymous Authority

The author is not mentioned or named. 

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Appeal to Pity

The element of pity is used rather than logical reasoning. 

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Bandwagon

This reasoning is where an argument is valid because the majority thinks it is right.

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Appeal to Consequence

This is when unpleasant consequences of believing something is pointed out.

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Circular Reasoning

This is when the reasoning goes back to itself. 

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Argumentum ad Populum

The idea is proven based on popular belief.

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Slippery Slope

This happens when a series of unacceptable consequences are drawn. 

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Argumentum ad Ignoratiam

This is where something is assumed to be true just because it is not proven as false

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Strawman

The position of the opposition is twisted so that it is easier to refute.

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complex clause

This is when an explanation for an event is reduced to one thing.

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Hasty Generalization

This is when a sample is not significant enough to support a generalization.

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wrong direction

This is when the cause and effect is reversed.

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inconsistency

This is when arguments contradict one another.

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False Analogy

Two concepts are assumed to be similar in other ways. 

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Complex question

When two or more points are rolled into one question and the reader is expected to either accept or reject both at the same time. 

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Fallacy of Composition

This is when a person claims  that a whole  statement is true just because a part of it is true.

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False Dillema

An arguer presents only two options despite the presence of multiple possibilities. 

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Argumentum ad Baculum

This argument appeals to human emotions, especially fear. 

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Argumentum ad Hominem

The personality of the person is attacked rather than the argument.

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claims of policy

These are claims that provides a solution or argue against certain solutions through rules, regulation and the law.

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Implicit claims

This is not clearly expressed in the text, but are suggested to be the meaning of the text implied and uses figurative language

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Claims of Value

These are claims that are made about the worth of something either philosophical, moral or aesthetic.

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Explicit Claims

This is stated clearly and expressed fully in a text leaving no room for confusion. 

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Claims of Fact

This is derived from factual information

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Hypertext

These are characterized by external links. 

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context of situation

This type of context includes field, tenor and mode.

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Allusion

This is a type of intertext wherein reference to either classic, canonical, or popular characters.

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Parody

This is a mocking humorous effect to an existing text.

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Pastiche

This is an imitation (ex.disney movies derived from fairy tales)

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context of culture

This is the context when the meaning of words are different depending on the culture of the country. 

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tenor

This is the interactive roles involved (who is talking)

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intertext

This happens when work whose meaning is shaped by referencing. 

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mode

This is the function of language (how it is used)

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field

This is under the context of situation where the kind of action is taking place (where the word is used)

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Functional resume

This type of resume focuses on skills and experience first.

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Resume

This is a tool that summarizes your skills, educational background, experiences and other qualifications

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Chronological Resume

This is the most commonly used format which focuses on the work history of the applicant.

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Combination Resume

This lets you both the  details of the skills and experience while  backing up the chronological listing of work history.

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Targeted resume

This resume is customized in detail and mirrors the job requirements