U.S. Government & Federalism Flashcards

Flashcards on U.S. Government & Federalism

Tenth Amendment

Most strongly supported by the Antifederalists, who favored state sovereignty and limited federal power.

Expressed Powers

Specific powers granted to Congress in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution.

Southern Manifesto

Declared states were not bound by Supreme Court rulings outlawing segregation.

1875 Civil Rights Act

Struck down using the Fourteenth Amendment.

Traditional System of Federalism

National government was small and had narrow responsibilities.

Herbert Hoover & the Great Depression

Believed state/local governments should handle the crisis, not the federal government.

Constitutional Basis of National Power Growth

Commerce Clause has allowed the most national power expansion.

Unfunded Mandates

Result of a Democratic Congress wanting liberal reforms and Republican presidents opposing spending.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme Court case that expanded federal power using implied powers.

Affordable Care Act Inspiration

Modeled after Massachusetts' health care law.

Concurrent Powers

Example: The power to tax is shared by both federal and state governments.

Chartering Banks

An example of a concurrent power.

Tenth Amendment & Reserved Powers

Reserved powers are not delegated to the federal government or prohibited to the states.

Single-Payer Health System

Would be enacted through implied powers of the federal government.

Categorical Grants

Used when federal funding is given to states with strict conditions (e.g., high-speed rail).

Federal vs. State Election Power

Federal government has influence, but states are the primary regulators.

Pre-Great Depression Welfare

State/local governments helped the poor through private charities.

Expressed Powers Location

Found in Article I of the Constitution.

Categorical Grants Growth

Increased from $54 billion in 1960 to $1,111 billion in 2022.

United States v. Lopez

Limited Congress’s commerce power; first major restriction since the New Deal.

Dual Federalism Definition

It does not involve higher governments overriding lower ones.

Post-9/11 Federal Agency

Department of Homeland Security was created in response to terrorism.

Regulated Federalism

Federal mandates imposed on states to meet national standards.

No Child Left Behind Act

Expanded federal authority over public education.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Established federal supremacy in interstate commerce regulation.