Chapter 1: Intro to Being a Health Care Worker

primitive

ancient/ prehistoric

superstitious

trusting in magic or chance

exorcise

to force out evil spirits

trephining

surgically removing circular sections

intravenously

directly in the vein

anatomy

the science dealing w’ the structure of humans, animals, or other living things

custodial

marked by watching & protecting rather than seeking a cure

epidemic

diseases affecting many people at the same time

vaccines

a weakened bacteria/virus given to a person to build immunity against disease

physiology

branch of biology dealing w’ the functions & activities of living things & their parts.

stethoscope

instrument used to hear sound in body

microbiology

branch of biology dealing w’ the structure, function, uses, and modes of existence of living things

pasteurization

heat food for a period of time to destroy certain microbes

antiseptic

substance slowing or stopping growth of microbes

asepsis

sterile; free from all germs

anesthetic

loss of feeling or sensation

psychology

science of the mind or of mental states and processes

psychiatry

practice or science of diagnosing and treating menta disorders

professional

one who is paid for their work

geriatric

pertaining to old age

phlebotomy

practice of opening a vein by incision or puncture to remove blood

accredited

attested or approved as meeting prescribed standards

entrepreneur

person who organizes and manages a business

confidentiality

promise to keep certain information private

electricity

primitive humans had no ___, few tools, and poor shelter

predators

They focused on protection from ____________ and finding food.

supernatural spirits

Illness and disease were believed to be caused by ______.

exorcise

Tribal doctors performed ceremonies to ____________ evil spirits.

Egyptians

earliest people to keep accurate health records.

Ancient Chinese

they created the early use of primitive acupuncture therapies.

Greeks

for them, medicine was considered an art; some diseases were linked to poor sanitization + stopped also the superstition talk

Romans

first to organize medical care (in people’s homes and wounded soldiers)

Morphine

from poppy; treats severe pain

stopped

After Hans conquered the Romans, the study of medical science ___

epidemics

Major _____ killed millions

the black death

Bubonic plague, aka ____, killed 60 million

smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis.

4 other uncontrolled diseases

learning

The Renaissance was a “rebirth of _________.”

research

Universities and medical schools were built for ____________________.

disease

People searched for new ideas about __________.

dissection

_______ of the body became accepted for study

printing press

The ______ helped spread knowledge through published books.

Leonardo da Vinci

who studied and recorded human anatomy

William Harvey

who described circulation and the pumping of the heart

quackery

Despite advances, deaths from childbed fever, disease, and ______ continued

disease

Dissection after death helped physicians observe the ____________________ process.

Elizabeth Blackwell

first female physician in the United States in 1849.

René Laënnec

who invented the stethoscope

Joseph Priestley

who discovered the element oxygen

Edward Jenner

who developed a vaccination method for smallpox

Ignaz Semmelweis

who identified the cause of childbed fever (puerperal fever)

Louis Pasteur

“Father of Microbiology”; discovered microbes are everywhere

Joseph Lister

who connected Pasteur’s discovery of microbes with infection

Ernst von Bergmann

who developed asepsis

Robert Koch

who discovered many pathogens

Wilhelm Roentgen

who discovered x-rays in 1895

Paul Ehrlich

who studied the effect of medicine of pathogens

Gerhard Domagk

who discovered sulfonamide compounds

Dmitri Ivanovski

who showed some diseases are caused by pathogens to small to be seen with a microscope

Sigmund Freud

who discovered the conscious and unconscious mind

Sir Alexander Fleming

who found that penicillin killed pathogens

Jonas Salk

Who used a dead polio virus to create immunity

Albert Sabin

who used a live polio virus vaccine

Francis Crick & James Watson

which 2 people found the molecular structure of DNA

Christian Barnard

who did the 1st successful heart transplant

self care

in the 21st century, there’s a greater focus on wellness and ____

spiritual

“Healthy” includes physical, emotional, social, mental, and _______ wellness.

telemedicine

_________ allows consultative, diagnostic, and treatment services at a distance.

Florence Nightingale

who made the Nightingale School of Nursing in 1860

Clara Barton

who was a volunteer nurse during the Civil War

Lillian Wald

who was a public health nurse who also established the Henry Street Settlement in NY

Unlicensed assistive caregivers

________________ caregivers are now part of the patient care team.

clinical partner, service partner, nurse extender, health care assistant, and patient care assistant.

Examples of titles for unlicensed assistive caregivers

technology

The nurse’s role now requires more ________ skills.

bacterial

Antibiotics are for ____ diseases

improved life expectancy

organ transplants

healthier hearts

dentistry without pain

end of smallpox

childhood immunizations

decline in polio

test tube babies

Improvement in today’s day and era

computers

Noninvasive diagnosis using ____________ and MRI

insulin

Diabetes control through discovery of ____________

kidney;lung

Machines such as _____ dialysis and the heart-_____ machine

HMOs

_________ as an alternative to private insurance

Belladonna & Atropine

from nightshade; relieves muscle spasms

Quinine

from cinchona tree; controls fever, muscle spasms, and prevents malaria

Digitalis

from foxglove plant; strengthens heart and slows heartbeats