Blood Component Preparation and Therapy

Practice flashcards covering the preparation, storage, and clinical use of various blood components as discussed in the lecture.

Closed System

A sterile blood collection set including the primary bag, attached satellite bags, and tubing.

Dextrose

An anticoagulant-preservative ingredient that supports ATP generation by the glycolytic pathway.

Adenine

An anticoagulant-preservative ingredient that acts as a substrate for RBC ATP synthesis.

Citrate

An anticoagulant-preservative ingredient that prevents coagulation by chelating calcium.

Sodium Biphosphate

An anticoagulant-preservative ingredient that acts as a buffer to prevent an excessive drop in pH.

Storage Lesion

Biochemical changes that occur when blood is stored at $1-6\,^\circ\text{C}$, affecting RBC viability and function.

Acceptable Shelf Life (RBC)

A standard where $75\%$ of RBCs remain in the recipient's circulation $24$ hours after transfusion with less than $1\%$ hemolysis.

Light Spin

The initial centrifugation step where whole blood is spun to separate platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from red blood cells.

Heavy Spin

The centrifugation step used to separate platelets from plasma.

Leukocyte Reduced RBCs

Red blood cells filtered to contain less than $5 \times 10^6$ WBCs to reduce adverse reactions and CMV transmission.

Apheresis RBCs

Automated collection of red cells where a final component must have a hemoglobin of at least $51\,\text{g}$ and a minimum volume of $153\,\text{mL}$.

Glycerol

A cryoprotective agent added to RBCs before freezing to prevent the formation of ice crystals.

Deglycerolized RBCs

Frozen RBCs that have been thawed and washed with saline solutions to remove toxic glycerol, resulting in a $24$-hour expiration.

Washed RBCs

RBCs rinsed with normal saline to remove plasma proteins, indicated for patients with $IgA$ deficiency to prevent anaphylactic reactions.

Irradiated RBCs

RBCs treated with gamma rays or X-rays ($2500\,\text{cGy}$ dose) to prevent transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease ($TA-GVHD$) by stopping T cell proliferation.

Platelet Refractory

A state where a patient is unresponsive to platelet transfusions, often indicated by a Corrected Count Increment ($CCI$) of less than $5000/\mu\text{L}$.

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

Plasma separated from whole blood and frozen within $8$ hours of collection, containing all coagulation factors.

PF24

Plasma frozen within $24$ hours of collection, which may have reduced levels of labile coagulation factors like Factor VIII.

Cryoprecipitated Antihemophilic Factor (CRYO)

The cold precipitate formed when FFP is thawed at $1-6\,^\circ\text{C}$, containing $vWF$, Fibrinogen, Factor VIII, Factor XIII, and Fibronectin.

Granulocytes, Apheresis

A rare component providing functional neutrophils ($1.0 \times 10^{10}$ or more per unit) to patients with an absolute neutrophil count of $<0.5 \times 10^3/\mu\text{L}$.

ISBT 128

An international standard for the labeling of blood products required by AABB standards since May 1, 2008.

Psoralen

A furocoumarin used in pathogen reduction technology that intercalates with DNA and uses UV light to inhibit pathogen replication.

170 micron filter

The standard filter size required for the administration of blood components.