19th century britain

How did social class change in the 19th century?

2 distinct groups- professionals = lower class and amateurs= upper class

Lower class needed money to take part and opportunity was limited so only best had change

Higher class could afford to compete without payment

They set up competitions where professionals were excluded and clubs where fees were required

What was gender like in the 19th century century?

Opportunity for women improved by end of century however still limited and only in certain sports

Lawn tennis was popular for women but had to wear lady like clothing

How did law and order change in the 19th century?

Society became more lawful and was reflected through sports

No longer acceptable to break property

Only affected lower class and upper class were making the laws

He did education change in the 19th century?

Initially limited to upper and middle class

Education acts- 1870 and 1891

These increased education for lower class which increased their ability to understand rules of sports

Public schools were introduced

How did the availability of time change in the 19th century?

Towards end of century factor owners began to respect benefit of allowing workers to have physical activity

Given half day on Saturday

How did the availability of money change in the 19th century?

Increased wages following Industrial Revolution so lower class money increased

Combined with cheaper transport and paid holiday increased disposable

Middle class mainly benefits as they were factory owners and had spending money

How did transport change in the 19th century?

Expansion of the railway so able to travel away which led to more organised fixtures and spectators from all classes could watch

How did public schools influence sport?

Attended by middle and upper class and required fees

1. Headmasters promoted as form as social control for Boys and an outlet of energy

2. 2.players expected to show sportsmanship towards each other

3. Cult of athleticism- sports promoted to provide boys with strong morals and social endeavour

4. Spread of games - boys grew up and spread sports

When did boys do sports at public schools and was in accepted?

Free time

Often violent and based on where the bird had come from

Not accepted thought of as a waste of time

Who was Thomas Arnold?

Head of rugby school

Main aim to establish social control

Encouraged team games for morals they provided

Helped boys develop teamwork, loyalty, decision making skills and leadership qualities

what are public schools?

Attended by upper and middle class

Set in fashionable towns

Students boarded

Money used from fees to build facilities

How if public school affect the spread of the game and ethics?

Attended university- took their experience and rules from different schools

Many students became teachers, ministers or army officers

When working they spread their knowledge of sports to students

What is muscular Christianity?

A belief that links sport with being a gentleman and playing sport with discipline and a sense of manliness

What are values of muscular Christianity and athleticism?

Sportsmanship

Teamwork

Manliness

Fair play

Physical effort

What impact did the older boys have?

After leaving they came back and coached leading to sport becoming more developed

Progressed through the ranks and carried values of athleticism

School focused more of sports so facilities developed

Standards of play increased and professional coached taugh

What are national governing bodies?

Set up for various sports by ex public schools Many students boys

Groups within NGB meet and agree and develop rules

So games are played on equal basis

Sports seen as morally worthwhile and having a benefit in the nation

What are examples of public schools having an influence?

Football association set up in 1863 when handling balls was outlawed

Amateur athletics clubs formed in 1866

Rugby football union in 1871

Lawn tennis association in 1888