Contemporary Issues and Natural Disasters Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary related to contemporary issues, natural disasters, analytical skills, and related human activities based on lecture notes from pages 4 and 5.

Contemporary Issue

A problem relevant to the present world, important and valuable, with a clear effect or influence on society, happening at present, and discussed by various groups.

Dimensional Approach (CI)

An approach to contemporary issues that considers socio-cultural, environmental, economic, political, and other relevant dimensions.

Sectoral Approach (CI)

An approach to contemporary issues that focuses on specific sectors within one dimension.

Aspect (Facet) Approach (CI)

An approach to contemporary issues that examines different perspectives.

Hazards

Threats and the origin of disasters.

Risks

The probability of something negative happening.

Disasters

Actual phenomena, occurrences, or geological processes that could negatively impact people and properties.

Monsoons

Seasonal prevailing winds, including Habagat (Southwest) and Amihan (Northeast).

Habagat

The Southwest monsoon.

Amihan

The Northeast monsoon.

Pacific Ring of Fire

An area characterized by significant seismic and volcanic activities.

El Niño

A climate pattern causing severe drought during the wet season.

La Niña

A climate pattern causing intense rainfall during the dry season.

Storm Surge

An abnormal increase of water level along shores or coastlines.

Tsunami

A series of giant waves.

Landslide

The erosion of land, often involving the downward movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth.

Earthquake

A sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates.

Volcanic Eruption

The expulsion of volcanic ashes, lava, and magma from a volcano.

Typhoon

A tropical storm found in the region of the Indian or Western Pacific oceans.

Flashflood

Sudden flooding caused by a heavy storm or prolonged rains.

Primary Sources

Original sources of information.

Secondary Sources

Interpretations or analyses of primary sources.

Fact

Information based on verifiable proof.

Opinion

Information based on personal experience or belief.

Bias

Prejudice or an inclination for or against an issue.

Inferences

Educated guesses or conclusions drawn from context clues, prior knowledge, or patterns.

Generalization

A broad understanding or statement about an issue.

Conclusion

A summation or final judgment of an issue.

Significance and Scope (CI Analysis)

The part of contemporary issue analysis that involves understanding the background, involved persons/stakeholders, and importance of an issue.

Evidence (CI Analysis)

The part of contemporary issue analysis that involves examining the variety, reliability, interpretation, and use of primary and secondary sources.

Perspective (CI Analysis)

The part of contemporary issue analysis that involves understanding dominant points of view, both for and against an issue.

Connections (CI Analysis)

The part of contemporary issue analysis that involves understanding past occurrences, future concerns, and why an issue persists.

Reflection (CI Analysis)

The part of contemporary issue analysis that involves one's own informed insights and questions, critical thinking, and initial suggestions.

Impact (CI Analysis)

The part of contemporary issue analysis that involves understanding positive and negative impacts, the status quo, and potential solutions.

Action (Praxis) (CI Analysis)

The part of contemporary issue analysis that involves developing a plan of implementation.

Pay-offs

Illegal payments, often made as bribes or incentives.

Unprogrammed Funds

Funds that were not originally allocated or planned for in a budget.

Budgetary Insertions

Additional items or provisions added to a budget or legislation.

Deforestation

The clearing of forests, often leading to natural disasters like landslides and desertification.

Ozone Layer Depletion

The thinning of the Earth's ozone layer, contributing to abnormal climate patterns.

Mining or Quarrying

The process of extracting valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, which can exacerbate natural disasters like landslides.

Water Contamination

The pollution of water by harmful substances, often a result of flooding or improper waste disposal.

Water-borne Diseases

Illnesses caused by pathogenic microorganisms transmitted through contaminated water.

Desertification

The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agricultural practices.