Học: Chap 1 His

Australopithecines

The earliest humanlike creatures.

Homo erectus

First hominid to leave Africa.

Homo sapiens

"wise human being"

Homo sapiens sapiens

First anatomically modern humans

Paleolithic Age

relied on hunting and gathering

Neolithic Revolution

Took part in an agricultural evolution

Civilization

a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings shared a variety of common elements

Mesopotamia

between the rivers

Sumerians

creators of the Mesopotamian civilization

Ziggurat

temple that was made to honor the gods and the goddess

Theocracy

government by divine authority

Akkadians

Overran the Sumerian City-States

Sargon

leader of the Akkadians

Naram-Sin

King of the four corners

Hammurabi

Leader of the Amorites

The Epic of Gilgamesh

Told a story very similar to that of Noah and the Ark

Polytheistic

believing in more than 1 god

Divination

this involved killing animals as sacrifices (controlling the gods)

Cuneiform

wedge-shaped system of writing

Cataracts

rocks that sat high upon the Nile River that would impact people trying to invade

Manetho

created the framework of Egyptian history

Menes

Leader of the Old Kingdom

Old Kingdom

Pharaohs were seen as gods

New Kingdom

Last of the Egyptian dynasties

Middle Kingdom

Pharaohs seen as shepherds of the people

Memphis

Old Kingdom capital

Pharaoh

meaning "great house" or "palace"

Ma'at

chief principle of living in harmony and justice

Vizier

special advisor to the pharaoh

Intermediate Period

time between the Kingdom that contained chaos and the changing of power

Thebes

capital of Egypt in the Middle Kingdom

Mentuhotep

First king of the Middle Kingdom

Amenemhet 1

a vizier who rose to power

Hieroglyphics

system of writing in ancient Egypt

Hyksos

brought about the use of Bronze

Ahmos 1

expelled the Hyksos from Egypt

Amenhotep IV

outlawed all gods except Aten, god of the sun desk

Hatshepsut

Female ruler of Egypt

The Hittite Empire

ruler was known as "the great king"