prokaryote: bacteria and archaea

prokaryotes are

unicellular

lack organelles

no nucleus (nucleoid)

singular chromosome

circular double stranded DNA in nucleoid

how old are bacteria

the oldest living on earth

3.5 to 3.8 BILLION

2 Domains of Prokaryotes

Bacteria and Archaea

ways prokarya aquire carbon and energy

autotrophs

-photoautotrophs

-chemolithoautotrophs

heterotrophs

-photoheterotrophs

chemoheterotroph

how do prokaryotes reproduce?

binary fission

prokaryote cell wall has

peptidoglycan provides shape, protection

prokaryote cell membrane is a

lipid bilayer

prokaryote capsule is a 

Lipopolysaccharide – found in Gram - bacteria

prokaryote flagellum is used for

motility

prokaryote pilus is used for

Attachment and conjugation

where is prokaryote DNA

NOT in the nucelus

cocci shape is

spherical or round

bacilli shape is

rod shaped

spirillum is 

spiral shaped

which G bacteria has lipopolysaccharaide layer

gram negative

which is harder to treat/worse: gram - or gram +

gram negative

what is the phyiological difference between g-neg and g-pos?

difference in thickness of peptidoglycan layers and

lipopolysaccharide layer on outside of G-

who invented gram stain?

Hans Christian Gram

what is conjugation gene transfer

cell to cell contact

what is transduction

gene transfer via bacteriophages carry prokaryotic DNA from one cell

to another

what is transformation

gene transfer via the environment - Genotype of cell is altered by the uptake of DNA from the environment. DNA usually comes from

dead bacterial cells