Dr miller exam 3

***Be able to provide a task analysis of a skills provided a task name from the grooming domain of the basic living

Communication, Socialization, Motor, Daily Living Skills, Adaptive Behavior, Maladaptive Behavior

Brushing teeth you can use chaining when teaching this behavior

Why are adult skills assessments important and the goal of adult skills teaching?

Because they have more focused treatment models, and target more specific skill areas useful for adults

Also the goal is to increase functional independence which is important because thats the goal of ABA anyways for the individual to be on their own without assistance or help from another individual

Norm assessments

= IQ test and Vineland test

Allows for comparison of an individuals core on an assessment to a defined normative group

Criterion ref exam

= Certification Exams, Drivers license

Allows for the comparison of an individuals score to a pre-defined standard

Be able to define and provide examples of adaptive behavior.

Behavior that is required to function independently in society

Be able to describe how the scoring system works in ABLLS and AFLS.

You have these general skills with many individual skills that you will assess within those general skills, in which you will assess each skill from 0-2,0-4 on their ability to do the skill. Their are towers that each general skill has and you can assess and reassess each skill as needed.

Independent group contingency

Described when a contingency is presented to all members of a group, but reinforcement is delivered only to those group members who the criterion stated by the contingency

Often used in context of contingency contracting and token economies

A = criterion stated for all group members

B= Criterion met

C = Sr+ for each member achieving criterion

Dependent group contingency

A dependent group contingency is described when a reward for the whole group is dependent on the performance of an individual or small group

Refered to as a hero procedure, performance of one individual results in reinforcer being shared by all.

A= Criterion stated for one individual or small group

B = Criterion met

C = Reinforcer for all

Interdependent-

Is described when all members of a group must meet the criterion of the contingency before any members earns the reward

Promotes peer pressure and group cohesiveness

A= Criterion stated for all group members

B= Criterion met

C = Sr+ for whole group if all members of group achieve criterion

***Be able to describe self-contracts

a type of behavior contract where an individual sets goals for themselves, outlines the consequences for meeting or not meeting those goals, and then manages their own behavior to achieve the desired outcome

A contingency contract is

a document that specifies a contingent relationship between the completion of a target behavior and access or delivery of a reward

3 parts of a contingency contract

Task

Reward

Task Record

Task

Must answer four questions

Who will perform the task and receive the reward

What is the task or behavior

When must the task be completed

How well must the task be completed

Reward

Must answer three questions

Who is the person who will judge the task completion

What is the reward

How much is the amount of reward that can be earned

Rewards must come after successful task completion

Rewards descriptions must be specific

Task record

Should be physically part of the contract

Allows contract to be reviewed regularly

Conditioned reinforcers can be placed if multiple comletions are required

Controlling behavior

is the behavior that functions as self-management strategy

Token economy -

a reinforcement system in which conditioned reinforcers (tokens) are delivered for desirable behavior, which are later exchanged for backup reinforcers.

Backup reinforcers-

are items/activites that are known to be powerful reinforcers for an individuals behavior which are provided at a specified token exchange rate.

token -

something tangible delivered to a person immediately after a desirable behavior accumulated by the person and later exchanged for backup reinforcers.

***Be able to describe best practices related to backup reinforcers and tokens used within a token economy.

selecting appropriate tokens, creating a menu of diverse backup reinforcers, establishing a fair exchange rate, and ensuring consistent implementation.

Tokens should be practical and convient and should be able to be accumlated and portable

backup reinforcers should be motivating for the individual and readily available. Regularly assessing preferences for backup reinforcers and rotating them can also help maintain their effectiveness.

Be able to explain the role of conditioned reinforcement in a token economy.

THe conditioned reinforcer is the token or item that is delivered to a person after the behavior and then used to obtain the backup reinforcer

Be able to list and describe the essential components of a token economy.

Identification of desirable target behaviors to strengthened

Identification of tokens to be used as conditioned reinforcers

Identification of backup reinforcers exchanged for the tokens

Setting a reinforcement schedule for token delivery

Setting a time and place for exchanging tokens for backup reinforcer

Be able to describe how response cost can be used within a token economy.

THey can remove a specified amount tokens contingent on the occurrence of undesirable behavior

Be able to describe variables that make token economies more or less successful (e.g., training, schedule of reinforcement, etc.

Tokens should be practical and convenient. Accumulated and portable, and delivered contingent on the occurrence of the behavior immediately

Tokens are effective because they are paired with backup reinforcers

Begin with FR1 and then thin the schedule later on

Make sure exchange rate is is equal to the cost of the value of backup reinforcer.

Self-Management

involves observing and responding to ones own behavior by intentionally manipulating ones own environment in order to bring about a change in behavior.

Controlled behavior

is the behavior to be changed in the self-management program

***Be able to describe the concept of delay discounting and the tension this creates between immediate vs. future outcomes in both behavioral excesses and deficits.

Delay discounting describes the psychological phenomenon where individuals place a higher subjective value on immediate rewards compared to rewards that are delayed, even if the delayed reward is objectively larger. In essence, the farther into the future a reward is, the less valuable it becomes in the present moment. This creates a tension between immediate gratification and long-term benefits

Be able to describe common self-management hurdles related to effective behavior change.

Unclear desrcriptions of antecedents and consequences

Unclear description of intervention procedures

Conseqences are easily short-circuted

Procedures are not practical or sustainable

Steps of Self management

Identify ones own target behavior

Self-Monitoring

Self-Evaluation

Self-Reinforcement

Independent Self-Management

***Be able to discuss self-management in the broader context of behavioral services

This is the goal of behavioral services for the individual to be able to properly manage ones own behaviors and function independently.

What are the three group contingency contract

Independent, Dependent, Interdependent.

Standard Residential Habilitation ( not necessarily a group home, "ressidential facility")

This service provides supervision and specific training activities that assist the recipient acquire, maintain, or improve skills related to activities of daily living

Behavior focused Residential Habilitation

This service is for recipients who may need a more intense level of residential habilitation as determined by characteristics that impact the immediate safety, health, progress and quality of life of the consumer. BCBA or BCaBA provide face to face monitoring.

Intensive Behavior Residential Habilitation ( intended to be temporary)

This service is for recipients who present issues with behavior that are "exceptional in intensity, duration, and frequency, and whose needs cannot be met in a behavior focused or standard residential habilitation setting

Enhandced intensive behavioral residential habilitation

Enhanced intensive behavior services includes aggressive, consistent implementation of a program of treatment and training unique to the needs of the recipient.

Ibudget waiver = Medicaid waiver =

The Waiver

What are the four types of residential habilitation

Standard RH

Behavior Focused RH

Intensive Bheavior RH

Enhanced intensive behavioral RH

What is BASP

Behavior Analysis Services Plan

What are the Level qualifications

Level 1: BCBA w/ 3+ years of exp

Level 2 BCBA w <3 yrs of exp

Level 3 BCaBA who recieves atleast one hour of supervision

Behavior Assistant: RBT or past w coursework/experience

Level 1 used to be called

Companion services

Level 2 is assoicated w

vocational rehabilitation

Level 3 deals with

ADT / LSDs

what is ADT and LSD

Adult day traiining = life skills development, day programs

LSD is facilities w vocational focus, can inclued meaningful day activities

What are 3 types of IBudget personal supports

Respite Care

Companion support

Personal Care assistance

What is ADLs and IADLs?

ADl is the bare minimum skills taught to live independently (dressing, Bathing, Toileting)

IADLS is more complex skills to live independently that are taught

(food prep, Housekeeping, Shoppinh.

what is the purpose or roll of Respite support?

Provides support and care and supervision to individuals living in the family, home when the primary caregiver is unavailable due to emergency or a leave of absence.

Whats the difference from In-home support vs. personal care assistant

Live in support has shared living are and provides training and assistance with day to day activities

Personal care assistant does not share living cost but still helps with training and assistance with day to day activities

What are skills a supported living coach might address

Grocery shopping, money management, IDLS.

Step one of SM 1 Identify ones own target behavior

Socially significant, behavioral definitions

Step 2 of SM Self-Monitoring

Taught to observe and record their own behavior as well as sources of feedback in the environment

Step 3 of SM Self- evaluation

Reliably and accurately short and long term goals for behavior to be set

Step 4 of SM Self reinforcement

Independent self management requires effective consequences to be delivered for ones own behavior

Step 5 of SM Independent self management

Independent self management

Learner has mastered self monitoring self evaluation and self reinforcement

Generalization of SM skills can be observed

Reinforcement of SM skills can promote long term use

***Be able to provide a behavioral account (e.g., stimulus control) as to why social skills are difficult to teach and how deficits or excess in social skills can lead to greater restrictions imposed on an individual.

Bring social bx under stimulus control which is very different compared to bringing red under stimulus control. When it comes to discriminating sarcasm or not or joking or is needing alot more discriminations such as the words, facial expressions and body language to assess and understand whether they are being sarcastic or not. For some individuals with autism there are social deficits which can cause no reinforcement from certain interactions so lack of motivation to seek conversation.

Why do deficits in social skills "get people into trouble"?

Behaviors that are uncomfortable or unusual can get them into problem situations

Why are social skills "complex and contextual"?

You have to be able to capture enough of the variability one may experience during these natural experiences which is hard to be able to hit all of the aspects of such

Why is an imitative repertoire important for developing social skills?

Because having this repertoire can help with the building of more complex and challenging skills

What does Dr. Weiss mean by the term "endurance"?

indiviudals on the spectrum may not be able to doa quick gretting bc there may be a lack of meterials to talk about unless there is a specific intreset

Be able to define and provide examples of generative learning.

Behavioroal effect where the previously acquired skills can accelerate the acquisition of other skills.

When you teach an individual how to say certain words they then mand for the word without direct teaching or history of reinforcement of manding

***Be able to describe a behavioral cusp.

a behavior change that dramatically increases a person's access to new environments, reinforcers, and learning opportunities

Be able to define stimulus equivalence. What are the three types of equivalence?

Describes the emergence of accurate responding to untrained and nonreinforced stimulus relations following the reinforcement of responses to some stimulus-stimulus relations

Transitivity, Symmetry, and Reflexivity

Reflexivity -

In the absence of training, person selects an identical stimulus ( generalized identity matching.)

Logic is A=A

Symmetry -

After bein taught A to B, person can match B to A without training

Logic is if A=B then B=A

***Transitivity. -

It refers to the emergence of an untrained relationship between two stimuli based on their shared relationship with a third stimulus. Essentially, if a learner has been trained that A=B and B=C, transitivity predicts they will also demonstrate that A=C without explicit training

***Be able to describe the relationship between stimulus equivalence and stimulus control?

stimulus equivalence relies on stimulus control to establish functional relationships between stimuli, leading to the generalization of behavior across stimuli within an equivalence class.

Simple Discrimination -

stimulus is present or not present, simple association ( if red then apple)

Conditional discrimination

l is described when a response to given stimulus is followed by a reinforcer if and only if another stimulus is present.

Match to sample procedures