Lecture on Youth Behavior and Criminality

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms related to youth behavior, assessment, and the juvenile justice system.

What is the focus of psychological assessments for youth under 19 engaged in violence?

To decrease the likelihood that violence will continue into adulthood.

At what age do behavioral problems in children typically get identified?

Usually before the age of 12, often at school.

What types of problems do psychological assessments for children focus on?

Presence of internalizing problems or externalizing problems.

What is oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?

A pattern of angry irritable mood, argumentative behavior, and defiance lasting at least six months.

What is conduct disorder (CD)?

A persistent pattern of behavior where children violate the rights of others and basic social rules.

What percentage of children with ODD are likely to develop conduct disorder?

About 40 percent.

What are internalizing problems typically associated with?

Emotional difficulties like anxiety and depression.

What are externalizing problems typically associated with?

Behavioral difficulties like delinquency and aggression.

What does the term 'chronic offenders' refer to?

A small subset of offenders who commit a large percentage of crimes.

What is the significance of age at first offense for predicting criminal behavior?

Younger onset of criminal offending is associated with longer criminal careers.

What role do family risk factors play in juvenile delinquency?

Poor parenting, family size, and parental aggression increase delinquency risk.

What is the juvenile justice system's approach towards young offenders?

The Youth Criminal Justice Act aims to ensure due process and consider developmental differences.

What is the relationship between ADHD and impulsivity in juveniles?

ADHD is associated with increased impulsivity, raising the risk for engagement in criminal activities.

What are cognitive deficiencies linked to reactive aggression?

Focusing only on few social cues and misattributing hostile intent.

What type of aggression is driven by achieving a goal?

Proactive aggression.

What is meant by the cognitive model of conduct disordered behavior?

It describes how individuals interpret social cues and respond with aggression.

What type of behavior is more common in life course persistent offenders?

They often engage in different types of crime that escalate in severity.

How does brain development during adolescence affect behavior?

It can lead to increased impulsivity and difficulty regulating thoughts and actions.

What is a significant predictor of future antisocial behavior during adolescence?

Exposure to antisocial peers and environments.

What does research suggest about the effect of primary prevention programs?

They aim to enhance protective factors and stop violence before it occurs.

What is significant about the case of Lionel Tate?

He was sentenced to life without parole at 13 for a crime he committed as a child.

What are protective factors in youth criminology?

Factors that help children overcome risks and resist antisocial behavior.

How many risk factors are typically needed for a youth to become delinquent?

A combination of multiple risk factors is usually necessary.

What percentage of juvenile offenses are typically considered adolescent-limited?

About 70% of juvenile offenders.

What is a key feature of the externalizing problems in youth?

They are typically more difficult to treat and may lead to serious antisocial acts.