Anatomy Chapter 1 Lab Notes *use for lecture as well

Dorsal body cavity

A continuous internal space located on the back (posterior) side of the human body that houses and protects the central nervous system

What are the subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity?

• cranial cavity

• Spinal cavity

cranial cavity

Located inside the skull that holds the brain

Spinal cavity

Inside the backbone that protects the spinal cord

Ventral body cavity

A large fluid-filled space located on the anterior (front) side of the body that houses and protects internal organs called viscera

What are the subdivisions of the ventral body cavity?

• thoracic cavity

• Abdominopelvic cavity

Thoracic cavity

the hollow space in your chest enclosed by your rib cage, spine, and breastbone that protects your vital organs for breathing and circulation

• holds the diaphragm

What is included in the thoracic cavity?

• pericardial cavity

• Pleural cavity

• Mediastinum

Pericardial cavity

Encloses the heart

Pleural cavity

Encloses the lungs

Mediastinum

a space in your chest that holds your heart and other important structures

What is included in the abdominopelvic cavity?

• abdominal cavity

• Pelvic cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

Where “guts” are held

• contains digestive organs

Pelvic cavity

contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

Abdominopelvic quadrants

• right upper quadrant

• Right lower quadrant

• Left upper quadrant

• Left lower quadrant

Anatomical position

• standing upright (erect) on their feet

• Facing forward with their head and eyes straight ahead

• Holding their arms straight down at their sides

• Palms are facing forward

Definition: the standard reference posture used by medical professionals and scientists to describe the human body consistently

What is another word for anterior?

ventral

What is another word for posterior?

dorsal

Sagittal plane

• also known as the midsagittal plane

Cuts the body into left and right sides

Frontal plane (remember alternative name)

• also known as the coronal plane

Cuts the body into front and back sides

Transverse plane

Cuts body into top and bottom parts

2 organs in right upper quadrant

• liver

• Gallbladder

2 organs in right lower quadrant

• appendix

• Large intestine

2 organs in left upper quadrant

• stomach

• Spleen

2 organs in left lower quadrant

• small intestine

• Bladder

The liver is a part of what organ system?

Digestive system

The diaphragm is a part of what two systems?

respiratory and muscular

The pancreas is a part of what two systems?

endocrine and digestive

The gallbladder is a part of what system?

digestive system

The adrenal gland is part of what system?

endocrine system

The thyroid gland is a part of what system?

endocrine system

Larynx location

• also known as thyroid cartilage

Thyroid gland location

The thyroid is a part of what system?

endocrine system

The spleen is a part of what organ system?

Lymphatic system

Name two organs in the endocrine system

pancreas and thyroid

Liver function

• filtering toxins from the blood

• producing bile for digestion

• regulating blood sugar

Gallbladder function

stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver

Endocrine system function

releases chemical messengers called hormones into the bloodstream to regulate vital bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction

Spleen function

• filters your blood

• manages your immune system

• stores blood cells

Appendix function

acts as a safe house for good bacteria in your gut

Large fat name on diagram, organ system, and function

greater omentum (lymphatic)

• protects organs

Abdominopelvic regions

• first column + third column (right and left):

  • Right/left hypochondriac region

  • Right/left lateral (lumbar) region

  • Right/left inguinal (iliac) region

• Second column:

  • Epigastric region

  • Umbilical region

  • Pubic (hypogastric) region

Organs in each abdominopelvic region