BIOL 2100 Exam 1 LOs 6-9

prokaryotic cell

bacteria & archaea

prokaryotic cell

no membrane bound organelles

prokaryotic cell

no nucleus, DNA is located in nucleoid region

eukaryotic cell

plant & animal cells

eukaryotic cell

has a nucleus where the DNA resides

eukaryotic cell

membrane bound organelles

eukaryotic cells

__ are generally larger and more complex, so having more organelles provide greater benefits

prokaryotic cells

__ are generally smaller and simpler, so they can perform many processes without membrane-bound compartments

plant cell

large vacuoles, cell wall, chloroplast

animal cell

no cell wall, no chloroplast, usually much smaller vacuoles

golgi

involved in processing proteins and then sorting proteins for their final desitnations

mitochondria

important for synthesizing ATP as an energy source of the cells

ER

involved in lipid synthesis and protein synthesis

cytoplasm

everything within the cell membrane except the nucleus

cytosol

fluid component of the cytoplasm where those membrane-bound organelles are suspended

microtubules, microfilament, & intermediate filaments

3 types of cytoskeletal filaments

hi

hi

cytoskeleton

network of protein filaments in the cytosol that provides structure, support, and movement to the cell

cytoskeletal filaments

microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments

directional polarity

arrangement of subunits in a specific direction, allowing directional movement along the filament

motor protein

uses ATP to produce movement, often moving cargo along cytoskeletal filaments

microtubules

largest cytoskeletal filaments, involved mainly in movement and structural support

tubulin

protein subunit that makes up microtubules

microtubule function

move proteins and membrane-bound compartments around the cell and help separate chromosomes during cell division

dynamic instability

rapid assembly and disassembly of microtubules and tubulin subunits associate and dissociate

microfilaments

smallest cytoskeletal filaments, made primarly of actin and involved in movement and structural support

actin

main protein that makes up microfilaments

microfilaments function

helps with directional movement, such as muscle contraction, and provides structural support

myosin

motor protein that uses ATP to interact with actin and produce movement

intermediate filaments

cytoskeletal filaments with a middle-sized diameter, provides structural support

intermediate filament function

only provides structural strength/support to cells

coiled-coil dimer

two polypeptide chains coiled around each other, and early structural unit of intermediate filaments

directional polarity & motor proteins

intermediate filaments do not have

microtubules

largest cytoskeletal filament

microfilaments

smallest cytoskeletal filament

intermediate filaments

middle-sized cytoskeletal filament

microtubule

__ main function: movement/transport within cells, chromosome seperation, & structural support

microfilaments

__ main function: movement & structural support

intermediate filament

__ main function: structural support only

microtubules & microfilaments

which cytoskeletal filaments have directional polarity?

intermediate filaments

which cytoskeletal filaments lack directional polarity?

microtubules and microfilaments

which cytoskeletal filaments interact with motor proteins?

intermediate filaments

which cytoskeletal filament does not interact with motor proteins?

glucose

type of monosaccharide

sucrose

type of disaccharide

cellulose

type of polysaccharide

amino acids

protein monomer

peptide bonds

protein bond linking monomer

proteins

__ important functions: enzymes, movement, transport, signaling, structure

nucleotides

nucleic acids monomer

phosphodiester bonds

nucleic acids bond linking monomers

nucleic acids

__ important functions: store/transmit genetic information, RNA can also have other roles

monosaccharides

carbohydrates monomer

glycosidic bonds

carbohydrates bond linking monomers

carbohydrates

__ functions: energy storage, energy source, structural support

DNA nucleotide chain

__ —> double helix —> supercoiling

DNA double helix

nucleotide chain —> ___ —> supercoiling

DNA supercoiling

nucleotide chain —> double helix —> ___

RNA nucleotide chain

___ —> stem-loops —> complex 3D fold

RNA stem-loops

nucleotide chains —> __ —> complex 3D folds

RNA complex 3D folds

nucleotide chains —> stem-loops —> ___

protein amino acids

__ —> a-helixes/b-pleated sheets —> complex 3d folds