Unit 5 Vocab

Various Countries, Revolutions and new Governements.

Command economy

Central government makes basic economic decisions.

Collective

Peasants operating a large farm as a group.

Kulak

Wealthy peasants in the Soviet Union.

Gulag

Forced labor camps under Stalin where prisoners were kept.

Socialist realism

Artistic style promoting socialist ideas.

Boris Pasternak

Jewish author of ‘Doctor Zhivago,’ banned in the Soviet Union, Nobel Prize winner.

Russification

Stalin's policy of imposing Russian culture on the Soviet Union.

Atheism

Belief in no god.

Comintern

International association of communist parties for spreading communism.

Balance of Trade

The difference in a country's imports and exports.

Trade Surplus

When a country exports more than it imports.

Trade Deficit

When a country imports more than it exports.

Opium War

Chinese/British war over trade restrictions.

Indemnity

Payment for losses in war.

Extraterritoriality

Foreigners' right to be protected by the laws of their own nation.

Taiping Rebellion

Chinese peasant rebellion.

Sino-Japanese War

Chinese/Japanese war resulting in Japan gaining Taiwan.

Open Door Policy

American attitude favoring open trade with China and other nations in the 1900s.

Guang Xu

Ninth emperor of the Qing dynasty, attempted reforms, died under suspicious circumstances.

Boxer Uprising

Chinese anti-foreign movement from 1898-1900.

Sun Yixian

Poor revolutionary, exiled to Japan, elected provincial president of the newly established Republic of China.

Twenty-One Demands

List of demands from Japan to China in 1915 to make China a protectorate.

May Fourth Movement

Cultural movement in China aimed at reform and strengthening.

Vanguard

Elite leader group.

Guomindang

Chinese nationalist party from 1912 to 1949.

Jian Jeshi

Communist party member who led the Chinese military in WWII.

Mao Zedong

Led the ‘Epic March,’ initiated drastic reforms, known for terror and intolerance.

Long March

Retreat of Chinese communist forces from Guomindang, covering over 6,000 miles.

Ultranationalist

Very nationalist.

Manchuria

Resource-rich historic province in northeastern China.

Hirohito

Longest reigning Japanese emperor, thought to be a living sun god, suppressed freedom.

Collectivization

Joining of workers and property into collectives.

Great Leap Forward

Failed Chinese communist program aimed at increasing farm and industrial output.

Cultural Revolution

Program to purge China of nonrevolutionary tendencies, causing social and economic damage.

38th Parallel

Line marking 38 degrees latitude, dividing the Korean peninsula into North and South.

Kim II Sung

Leader of North Korea, supported by Soviets, established a totalitarian military state.

Syngman Rhee

President of South Korea, accused of election fraud, resigned and went into exile in Hawaii.

Pusan Perimeter

Defensive line around Pusan city, marking the farthest advance of North Korean forces.

Demilitarized Zone

No-man's-land between North and South Korea established in 1953.

Matthew Perry

U.S. Naval Officer who led an expedition to Japan, opening it to American trade.

Mutsuhito

Also known as Meiji, Emperor who reformed Japan during his reign starting in 1868.

Tokyo

Capital city of Japan.

Meiji Restoration

Reformation and restoration of Japan by Emperor Meiji.

Diet

Assembly or legislature in Japan.

Zaibatsu

Powerful banking and industrial families in Japan since the 1800s.

Homogeneous society

Society with one language and culture.

First Sino-Japanese War

Conflict between China and Japan over Korea.

Russo-Japanese War

Conflict between Russia and Japan over Korea and Manchuria.