Histology - Old exams

Regarding connective tissue

1. It is derived from the mesoderm of the embryo layer

2. Composed mainly by epithelial cells and extracellular matrix

3. One of its function is to secrete substance

1

Immunohistochemical technique

1. Requires precipitation of heavy metal stain tissue

2. Use fluorescence labeled antibody to identify macromolecules and glycogen

3. More precise than histological staining

2

What technique to identify the presence of collagen fibers in a tissue?

1. PAS

2. OIL RED

3. Masson's trichrome staining

4. None

3

Lysosome

1. Contain hydrophilic enzyme that digest macromolecules, phagocyte microorganisms and is in the cytoplasm

2. Contain hydrolytic enzymes

3. Are organelles essentials for protein synthesis

1

Epithelial tissue. INCORRECT ONE

1. Enriched tissue and the cells have polyhedral shape

2. Rest on the basement membrane and are avascular

3. Express cytokeratins as intermediate filaments

4. The cells are separated by abundant extracellular matrix

4

Choose the correct one

1. Microvillis have an internal structure with a complex of microtubules with 9+2 pairs

2. Cilia are long and mobile projection in response to ATP

3. The tight, anchoring, and gap junction are lateral specialization of the cell membrane

4. B & C

4

What specialization of the lateral cell membrane in the spinous layer of the epidermis is predominant?

1. No connection between cells

2. Gap junction and hemidesmosomes

3. Desmosomes

4. Occlusive junction

3

adipose tissue. INCORRECT

1. Brown adipose tissue due to the weak vascularization and few mitochondrias with

the cytochrome

2. White adipocyte has lipid vacuole in their cell

3. Is a type of CT representing the main body energy store

4. White and brown adipose tissues differ in their morphology, color, distribution,

vascularity and metabolism act

1

Hyaline cartilage.

1. Very similar to elastic cartilage except that lattes have elastic fibers

2. Hyaline is most abundant in the body

3. Helps to mold bones during embryo development and the epiphyseal plate during

bone growth

4. All are correct

4

INCORRECT

1. Osteogenic or osteoprogenitor cells derived from mesenchymal cells and

differentiate into osteoblast

2. Osteoclast multinucleated cell form mononuclear phagocyte system and bone

resorption

3. The growth of long bones depends on the epiphyseal plate

4. Most of the flat bones develop by endochondral or indirect ossification

4

Endocrine gland

1. Characterized by contained duct leading to secretion product

2. Salivary gland is a mix endocrine gland

3. Release secretory product directly into the blood

4. Goblet cells are an example of unicellular endocrine gland

3

Type of gland that release a small amount of cytoplasm with the nucleus at the periphery

1. Apocrine

2. Holocrine

3. Merocrine

4. Endocrine

1

Skeletal muscle fibers

1. are multinucleated cells with nucleus at the periphery

2. epimysium surrounds the whole muscle while endomysium surrounds muscle fibers

3. fibers contain thin myofilament, actin, myosin

4. all

4

To identify the presence of collagen in a tissue which technique would you use?

1. PAS

2. Oil red

3. Masson trichrome

4. None

3

What specialization of the lateral cell membrane is predominantly found in the spinous layer of the epidermis?

1. There are no connections between the cells in this layer

2. GAP junctions and hemidesmosomes

3. Desmosomes

4. Occlusive junctions

3

Which of the following is correct about connective tissue

1. Connective tissue is derived from the mesoderm

2. The connective tissue is composed mainly of epthelial and extracellular matrix

3. One of its functions is to secrete substances such as mucus, hormones

and/or enzymes

4. AIl are correct.

1

What are intercalated discs

1. Essential organelles present in the muscle fibers for muscle contraction

2. Complexes of three types of cell junctions in cardiac muscle, including fascia

adherens, desmosomes and gap junctions

3. Special name given to the golgi in the cardiac muscle fibers

3. None of the above

2

The lining epithelial tissue is characterized by:

1) Absence of polarization

2) Vascularization

3) Highly innervated

4) Little intercellular material

4

2. Pseudostratified epithelium is characterized by

1) All the cells are similar in shape

2) Absence of cilia

3) Has no basement membrane

4) May contain goblet cells

4

Schwann cells are characterized by all EXCEPT:

1) They form myelin sheath

2) Present in peripheral nerves

3) Similar function to astrocytes

4) Separated by nodes of Ranvier2.

3

Cells forming blood brain barrier are

1) Ependymal cells

2) Oligodendrocytes

3) Satellite cells

4) None of the above

4

Elastic fibers can be detected

1) By Silver staining

2) By HE staining

3) PAS staining

4) None of the above

2

The characteristics of reticular fibers are

1) Type IV collagen

2) Can be detected by Verhoeff-van Gieson staining

3) Can be found in the kidney

4) Characterized by elasticity

3

Purkinje cells are

1) Present in the white matter of cerebrum

2) A cell layer in the white matter of cerebellum

3) Present in the grey matter of cerebellum

4) Present in cardiac tissue

3

Fibrocartilage is

1) Type of cartilage present in trachea

2) Type of cartilage rich in fibroblasts

3) Present in meniscus

4) Cartilage with perichondrium

3

Connective tissue cells are all except

1) Osteocytes

2) Fibrocytes

3) Myocytes

4) Osteoclasts

3

Diads are

1) Present in smooth muscle cells

2) Composed of 2 T tubules

3) Present in skeletal myocytes

4) Composed of T tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum cisterna

4

Adipose tissue is

1) Classified according to number of lipid vacuoles ( droplets)

2) One of the 4 basic tissue types

3) Characterized by large proportion of ECM to cells

4) Characterized by fusiform cells

1

Tendon is

1) Characterized by abundant collagen fibers

2) Dense connective tissue

3) Characterized by the presence of fibrocytes

4) All are correct

4

Which is the TRUTH about Goblet cells

1) Are endocrine unicellular glands

2) Are present in the pseudostratified epithelium

3) Stain dark by HE

4) All are correct

2

Indicate the incorrect statement: Perichondrium

1) Is present in hyaline cartilage

2) Is present in elastic cartilage

3) Contains chondroblasts

4) Is not vascularized

4

Ganglia are

1) Accumulations of neuronal cell fibers outside the brain

2) Nerve ends present in visceral organs

3) Neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS

4) Are surrounded by adipose tissue

3

Which cell type is present in the Haversian system lacunae

1) Chondrocytes

2) Osteocytes

3) Fibroblasts

4) Lacunocyte

2

The ECM of connective tissue is not formed by

1) Glycoproteins

2) Surfactant sulfate

3) Reticular fibers

4) Proteoglycans

2

Nerve cell bodies contain

1) Sarcomeres

2) ECM

3) Nissl bodies

4) axons

3

The lumen of the blood vessels is lined by

1) Mesothelium

2) Stratified epithelium

3) Simple cuboidal epithelium

4) Endothelium

4

Mark the INCORRECT statement: Chondrocytes are

1) The cell type of fibrocartilage

2) Located in lacunae

3) Surrounded by vascularized matrix

4) Surrounded by ECM made of collagen and elastic fibers

3

The gray matter of the CNS

1) Is present in the center of the spinal cord

2) Is composed of neuronal processes

3) Contains satellite cells

4) Stains white die to the presence of myelin

1

Which of the following do NOT stain PAS+

1) Macrophages

2) Goblet cells

3) Fungi

4) Mucous exocrine glands

1

What type of epithelium lines the ducts of the endocrine glands?

A. Simple squamous or simple cuboidal epithelium.

B. Stratified columnar epithelium if the gland is large, such as the pancreas.

C. Simple cuboidal epithelium.

D Endocrine glands do not have ducts.

D

What is mesothelium?

A. Simple squamous (flattened) epithelium that covers organs and body cavities,

B. The epithelium located in the urinary tract.

C. A simple squamous (flattened) epithelium that lines the interior of the walls of blood and

lymphatic vessels.

D. squamous (flattened) epithelia.

A

Indicate the correct statement related to the lining epithelia:

A. Epithelia composed of a single layer of cells are called stratified.

B. Epithelia with square-shaped cells in their outermost layer are called columnas

C. Pseudostratified epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells.

D. Transitional epithelium or urothelium is a simple epithelium of the urinary system.

C

Indicate the complete name of epithelium on figure 1

A, Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

B, Pseudostratified columnar epithelom.

C. Transitional epithelium of oesophagus,

D. Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium.

A

What are the characteristics of serous epithelial cell?

A, Lightly stained cytoplasm with H&E and round, centrally located nuclei.

B. Eosinophilic apical portion and round, centrally located nuclei,

C. Strongly stained cytoplasm and flattened, centrally located nuclei.

D. Lightly stained cytoplasm with HBE and flattened, peripheral nuclei.

A

Regarding the connective tissue, which statement is incorrect:

A, It has a high cellularity.

B. It has abundant extracellular matrix.

C. It contains glycoproteins in the ground substance.

D. It provides structural and metabolic support to the entire organism.

A

What kind of secretion is characteristic for sebaceous gland?

A Holocrine.

B. Apocrine.

C. Merocrine.

D. None of the above.

A

Indicate the incorrect statement related to elastic fibers:

A. Are abundant in elastic connective tissue

B. Stain dark brown with silver staining

C. Are composed of elastin

D. Are present in aorta

B

9.What apical specialization does this epithelium exhibit?

A. Microvilli

B. Keratin

C. Stereocilia

D. Cilia

D

Name the indicated cells and type of gland

A. Columnar. Endocrine.

B. Basal. Mixed.

C Goblet cells. Endocrine.

D. Goblet cells. Unicellular.

D

Related to the tissue on image 3, indicate the incorrect statement:

A. Cells have peripheral nuclei

B. Cells have a single lipid droplet

C Also called multilocular

D. Is a specialized connective tissue

C

Indicate the correct statement: The tissue under the epithelial tissue in the skin

A. Has collagen fibers without preferential orientation, stains green by Trichrome staining

B. Is dense regular connective tissue that stains green by Trichrome staining

C. Is dense regular connective tissue with fibroblasts as main cell type

D is dense irregular connective tissue that stains PAS+

A

Identify the name of the structure in figure :

A. Nerve ganglion

B. Peripheral nerve, transversal cut

C. Cerebellum

D. Serous acini in salivary gland.

B

Which of the following cartilage tissues has a perichondrium?

A. Elastic cartilage

B. Fibrocartilage

C. Articular cartilage

D. All types of cartilage have perichondrium.

A

Choose the correct statement regarding osteoclasts:

A. They are macrophages with phagocytic ability residing in bone tissue.

B. They have one nucleus and degrade the bone tissue.

C. They synthesize bone extracellular matrix in bone tissue.

D All of the above is correct.

D

The figure 5 represents:

A. Epiphyseal line

B. Direct ossification

C. Endochondral ossification

D. Spongy bone

C

Choose the correct statement regarding cartilage tissue:

A. It is avascular. Vascularization/nutrients reach it through the perichondrium or synovial fluid.

B. The main cell type is fibroblast.

C. It has blood vessels, and its significant thickness is characteristic.

D. Hyaline cartilage is present in the ear auricle.

A

What cell forms the myelin sheaths in the central nervous system?:

A Oligodendrocytes. *

B. Ependymal cells.

C. Astrocytes.

A Schwann cells

A

Regarding the characteristics of nervous tissue, choose the correct answer:

A. In the grey matter, there are neuronal cell bodies and glial cells.

B. In the cerebrum and cerebellum, grey matter is only internal.

C. White matter is composed of axons and Schwan cells.

D. Glial cells are not present in the peripheral nervous system.

A

Regarding the characteristics of skeletal striated muscle, choose the correct answer:

A. Multinucleated cells, the main functional unit is the sarcomere.

B. The fibers are fusiform and branched.

C. The contracted and stretched state of sarcomeres results from actin and myosin

folding/unfolding.

D. Involuntary contraction of fibers

A

Indicate the incorrect answer regarding the compact bone

A. Also called cancellous bone

B . is characterized by the presence of the haversian system

C. Is not present in the center of the epiphysis

D. Is covered by periosteum in the diaphysis

A

22. What type of cartilage is present in the epiphyseal plate?

A. Elastic

B. Hyaline

C. Fibrocartilage

D. None of the above

B

What is the order of epiphyseal plate zones:

A. Proliferative, hypertrophy, ossification, calcification

B. Resting, calcification, hypertrophy, ossification

C. Calcification, proliferative, ossification, hypertrophy

D. Proliferative, hypertrophy, calcification, ossification

D

In the Figure 6 identify the cel types:

A . 1 Osteocyte 2 Osteblast 3. Osteodast

B. 1. Osteoclast 2. Osteoblast 3. Osteocyte

C. 1. Chondrotytes 3. Chondroblasts 3. Macrophage

D. 1. Osteoblast 2. Osteocyte 3. Macrophage

25. Identify the regions in the cerebellum (figure 7):

A.1. Purkinje cells 2. Granular layer 3. Molecular layer 4. White matter

B. 1. White mater 2. Purkinje cells 3. Granular layer 4. Molecular layer

C. 1. Molecular layer 2. Purkinje cells 3.Granular layer 4. White matter

D. 1. White matter 2. Purkinje cells 3. Glial cells 4. Molecular layer

What kind of cell structures are present in smooth muscle cells:

A. Gap junctions since they provide the transport of ions necessary for cell contraction

B. Desmosomes since they prevent cell separation during strong contractions

C. Gap junctions since they provide the anchor sites of the actin from the sarcomeres

D. Hemidesmosomes since they anchor actin filaments from peripheral sarcomeres

A

Identify the structures 1-4 in the following electron micrograph (figure 8):

A 1. I band 2. A band 3. H zone 4. 2 line

B. 1. A band 2. I band 3. H zone 4. Z line

C. 1. I band A band 3. H zone 4. M line NO

D. 1. H zone 2 A band 3. I band 4. Z line N

Epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium are:

A. Connective tissues that wrap axons, fascicles and nerves respectively

B. Connective tissues that wrap nerves, fascicles and axons respectively

C. Cell membranes surrounding axons, fascicles, nerves

D. Myelin sheaths that surround nerves, fascicles and axons respectively

B

29. The structure presented on figure 9 is

A. Thyroid gland follicular cells surrounding the follicle

B. Central canal of the spinal cord surrounded by astrocytes

C. Central canal of the spinal cord surrounded by ependymal cells

D. Thyroid gland epithelial cells surrounding the colloid