Endocrine System.docx

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 41

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

42 Terms

1

Endocrine System

A system of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions.

New cards
2

Organs of the Endocrine System

Thymus, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Pituitary, Pineal, Adrenal, Gonads, Hypothalamus, Pancreas.

New cards
3

Chemical Classes of Hormones

Three major classes are Steroids, Monoamines, and Peptides.

New cards
4

Steroids

Hormones produced in the gonads and adrenal glands, hydrophobic, not stored, and released via diffusion.

New cards
5

Monoamines

Hormones produced from the amino acid tyrosine, stored in extracellular space, released via diffusion.

New cards
6

Peptides

Hormones transcribed from mRNA, stored in secretory vesicles, and released via exocytosis.

New cards
7

Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal Portal System

A system connecting the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and posterior pituitary via blood vessels.

New cards
8

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Stimulates growth of ovarian follicles and sperm production in ovaries and testes.

New cards
9

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Stimulates ovulation in ovaries and testosterone secretion in testes.

New cards
10

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Stimulates growth of the thyroid gland and secretion of thyroid hormones.

New cards
11

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Stimulates growth of the adrenal cortex and secretion of glucocorticoids.

New cards
12

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Hormone stored in the posterior pituitary that promotes water retention in the kidneys.

New cards
13

Oxytocin (OT)

Hormone stored in the posterior pituitary that stimulates labor contractions and milk release.

New cards
14

Positive Feedback Loop

A feedback mechanism where the output enhances or increases the stimulus.

New cards
15

Negative Feedback Loop

A feedback mechanism where the output inhibits or reduces the stimulus.

New cards
16

Hormone

A chemical messenger secreted by an endocrine gland that triggers physiological responses in target cells.

New cards
17

Target Cell

A cell that is acted upon by a hormone, nerve fiber, or chemical messenger.

New cards
18

Gonads

Reproductive organs that produce hormones such as testosterone in males and estrogen and progesterone in females.

New cards
19

Paracrine Signal

A short-distance signaling mechanism that stimulates nearby cells.

New cards
20

Autocrine Signal

A signaling mechanism where a cell stimulates itself.

New cards
21

Prostaglandins

Eicosanoids that impact various systems with differing roles.

New cards
22

Cascade Effect

A process where one hormone can trigger a large chain of biochemical events leading to significant effects.

New cards
23

Synergistic Effects

When multiple hormones work together to produce a greater effect.

New cards
24

Permissive Effects

When one hormone enhances the responsiveness of a target organ to another hormone.

New cards
25

Antagonistic Effects

When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone.

New cards
26

Thymus

An endocrine organ located behind the sternum that plays a role in the immune system by producing thymosin.

New cards
27

Thyroid Gland

An endocrine gland located in the neck that produces thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) regulating metabolism.

New cards
28

Parathyroid Glands

Four small glands located behind the thyroid that regulate calcium levels in the blood through parathyroid hormone (PTH).

New cards
29

Pituitary Gland

Often called the 'master gland,' it controls various endocrine functions by releasing hormones like GH, ACTH, TSH, and FSH.

New cards
30

Pineal Gland

A small gland located in the brain that secretes melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles.

New cards
31

Adrenal Glands

Hormone-producing glands located atop the kidneys that produce hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline.

New cards
32

Gonads (Testes and Ovaries)

Endocrine glands that produce sex hormones; testes produce testosterone, while ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone.

New cards
33

Hypothalamus

A brain region that controls the pituitary gland and regulates homeostasis, releasing hormones like TRH and CRH.

New cards
34

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular uptake.

New cards
35

Glucagon

A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels by stimulating liver glucose release.

New cards
36

Cortisol

A glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that helps regulate metabolism and the body's response to stress.

New cards
37

Aldosterone

A mineralocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium levels, influencing blood pressure.

New cards
38

Testosterone

The primary male sex hormone produced by the testes that is responsible for male sexual characteristics and reproductive functions.

New cards
39

Estrogen

A group of hormones producing female characteristics and regulating the menstrual cycle, primarily secreted by the ovaries.

New cards
40

Progesterone

A hormone produced by the ovaries involved in regulating the menstrual cycle and maintaining pregnancy.

New cards
41

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that increases heart rate and energy availability during stress.

New cards
42

Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

A hormone and neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal medulla involved in the fight or flight response.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 64 people
213 days ago
4.7(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 26 people
891 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 25 people
514 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 4 people
688 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
903 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
760 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 67 people
701 days ago
5.0(4)
note Note
studied byStudied by 44 people
758 days ago
5.0(3)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (92)
studied byStudied by 11 people
841 days ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (116)
studied byStudied by 10 people
800 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (43)
studied byStudied by 15 people
3 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (57)
studied byStudied by 17 people
751 days ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 2 people
177 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (71)
studied byStudied by 42 people
385 days ago
5.0(4)
flashcards Flashcard (82)
studied byStudied by 41 people
88 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (222)
studied byStudied by 29 people
646 days ago
5.0(1)
robot