chapter 24 metabolism

What is Metabolism

sum of all biochem reactions in the body

What is Catabolism

breakdown of complex structures into simpler ones

What type of bond is catabolism

bond breaking

What is anabolism

synthesis of large molecules from smaller ones

What type of bond is anabolism

bond forming

What is cellular respiration

catabolic breakdown of food fuels to form atp

what are the stages of cellular respiration (in order)

gi tract, tissue cell, mitochondria

what is the definition of the first step of cellular respiration

digestion, absorption, transport to tissues

what is the definition of the second step of cellular respiration

cellular processing (anabolism,catabolism)

what is the definition of the third step of cellular respiration

oxidative breakdown into CO2, water, atp formation

What is oxidation

gain of oxygen, loss of hydrogen

what is reduction

gain electrons and energy

what is enzymes

catalyze redox reactions

what are exmaples of enzymes

dehydrogenases, oxidases

what is coenzymes

NAD+ and FAD act as hydrogen (electron) acceptors

what are the two active synthesis

substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

what is substrate-level phosphorylation

direct transfer of phosphate to ADP

Where does the substrate level occur

cytosol and mitochondria

what is oxidative phosphorylation

involves electron transport chains and chemiosmosis

What produces more ATP? Oxidative or substrate-level phosphorylation

oxidative phosphorylation

what is in carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism

glycolysis

what is glycolysis

converts glucose to pyruvate

where does anaerobic occur

cytosol

name the 3 phases of carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism - glycolysis (IN ORDER)

sugar activation, sugar clevage, sugar oxidation and atp formation

what is the first phase of carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism - glycolysis

glucose phosphorylated to fructose, biphosphate

what is the second phase of carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism - glycolysis

splits into two 3 carbon fragments

what is the third phase of carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism - glycolysis

produces 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP (net again)

what is another word for citric acid cycle

krebs cycle

where is the location of citric acid cycle

mitochondiral matrixWHA

what is the traditional stage of citric acid cycle

converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA

whate are the steps in order of citric acid cycle

decarboxylation, oxidation, formation of acetyl CoA

What is the definition of the first step of citric acid cycle

removes CO2

What is the definition of the second step of citric acid cycle

forms acetate

What is the definition of the third step of citric acid cycle

acetate combines with CoAW

what are the cycle steps of citric acid cycle

generates CO2, NAHD, FADH2, ATP

what does etc stand for

electron transport chain

what is electron transport train

chain of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane what

what is the process of etc

electron transport and chemiosmosis

what is electron transport

creates proton gradient

what is chemiosmosis

uses gradient to synthesize atp

what is the final electron acceptor

oxygen, forming water

what is fat catabolism

yields more energy than glucose or protein

what are the pathways of fat catabolism

glycerol pathway and fatty acid pathway

what is glycerol pathway

converts to glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate

what is fatty acid pathway

broken into acetyl CoA for the citric acid cycle

in protein metabolism what is amino acids

used for protein synthesis or energy

what is the processes of protein metabolism

transamination, oxidative deamination, keto acid modificationwha

what is transamination

transfers amine group to form keto acids

what is oxidative deamination

removes amine group as ammoniumw

what is keto acid modification

converts to intermediates for the citric acid cycle