BIO251 Final Review HW Questions

Which of the following is TRUE regarding bacterial strains?

A. They have many characteristics in common but belong to different species

B. They are more distantly related to others than members of a species are to each other

C. They are closely related isolates or subtypes within a bacterial species that do not share all characteristics

D. They are informal groupings of bacteria used solely for medical purposes

E. They are similar bacteria

C

The Gram stain is useful for which of the following reasons?

A. Provides enough information to identify a bacterial species

B. Can be used to distinguish between different strains of bacteria

C. Provides useful information for identification of a bacterial species; but does not provide enough information on its own for identification

D. It is helpful in determining the bacterial species nutritional requirements

E. Provides enough information for determining what growth media to select for bacterial growth

C

Prokaryotes are found in which of the following domain(s)?

A. Archaea and Bacteria domains only

B. Bacteria domain only

C. Archaea domain only

D. All three domains

E. Archaea and Eukarya domains only

A

Which of the following is TRUE of ribosomes?

A. Bacterial ribosomes are 70S and eukaryotic ribosomes are twice as big

B. Bacteria ribosomes cannot be distinguished from eukaryotic ribosomes

C. Bacterial ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes are structurally different

D. Bacteria ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes are structurally identical

E. Bacterial ribosomes are 80S and eukaryotic ribosomes are 70S

C

Which of the following cannot be classified as either gram positive or gram negative based on the gram staining protocol?

A. Clostridium

B. Bacillus

C. Pseudomonas

D. Streptococcus

E. Mycoplasma

E

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a virus?

A. Requires a host cell for replication

B. Genome consists of DNA or RNA

C. It replicates independently

D. Genome is surrounded by a protein capsid

E. Is an acellular infectious agent

C

Which statement is TRUE regarding relative sizes?

A. Viruses are larger than most bacterial cells and can only be visualized using an electron microscope

B. Viruses are smaller than bacteria and have never been visualized

C. Bacteria are larger than viruses and can only be visualized using an electron microscope

D. Viruses are smaller than bacteria and cannot be visualized with light microscopes

E. Viruses and bacteria are the same size and both are easily visualized with a light microscope

D

Bacteria that grow faster in the presence of oxygen, and more slowly in the absence of oxygen are classified as:

A. Obligate aerobes

B. Microaerophiles

C. Obligate anaerobes

D. Facultative anaerobes

E. Aerotolerant anaerobes

D

Bacteria that thrive in the human body might be classified as:

A. Hyperthermophiles and alkaliphiles

B. Mesophiles and neutrophiles

C. Thermophiles and acidophiles

D. Psychrophiles and neutrophiles

E. Mesophiles and acidophiles

B

A mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that involves bacteriophage is called:

A. Transduction

B. Transpiration

C. Conjugation

D. Transformation

E. Both transformation and transduction involve bacteriophage

A

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of plasmids?

A. Extrachromosomal DNA element

B. May be transferred horizontally

C. DNA element transferred by bacteriophage

D. Double stranded DNA

E. Often have antibiotic resistance genes

C

Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing?

A. Ethylene oxide: gaseous sterilant

B. Boiling: kills vegetative bacteria

C. Autoclaving: sterilization method

D. Membrane filtration: sterilizes heat sensitive liquids

E. Pasteurization: sterilization method

E

In a clinical setting and laboratories, what is the purpose of aseptic technique?

A. To protect fomites

B. To prevent contamination of living tissue

C. To maintain sterility of critical items

D. Enhance microbial growth

E. Detect contaminants

B

Which of the following is a semisynthetic antibiotic?

A. Penicillin

B. Actinomycin

C. Ampicillin

D. Streptomycin

E. Neomycin

C

What is the target of aminoglycosides?

A. 70S ribosomes

B. 80S ribosomes

C. Cell wall

D. Plasma membrane

E. Folic acid biosynthesis

A

What is endotoxin?

A. The same thing as a superantigen

B. A toxin secreted by gram negative bacteria

C. LPS in the gram negative cell wall

D. A toxin secreted by gram positive and gram negative bacteria

E. LPS in the gram positive cell wall

C

For an A-B toxin, what is responsible for recognizing and attaching to host cells?

A. Either A or B subunit, it depends on the toxin

B. B subunit

C. Both the A and B subunits

D. Neither, the toxin binds nonspecifically

E. A subunit

B

Which are NOT phagocytic cells?

A. Neutrophils

B. Dendritic cells

C. Basophils

D. Macrophages

E. Monocytes

C

A cell that has been infected with an intracellular pathogen, such as a virus, will be targeted for destruction by which type of lymphocyte?

A. Macrophage

B. Plasma cell

C. CD4+ helper T cell

D. B cell

E. CD8+ cytotoxic cell

E

During secondary exposure to an antigen:

A. More IgG is produced than in the primary response, but it takes longer

B. Only IgM is produced, but in greater quantity compared to the primary response

C. IgG is produced quicker than in the primary response, and the amount produced is the same

D. IgM is produced in larger quantities compared to the primary response

E. IgG is produced more quickly and in larger amounts compared to the primary response

E