Chapter 3 part 1

Psychobiology

axon

transmits information

dendrites

gather info from other neurons

cell body

integrates incoming info, could result in action potential

axon collaterals

branches of axons, contacts other neuron, lateral

telodendria

terminal branches of an axon leading to end points of axonal communication; increases surface area

dendritic spines

protrusions from dendrites that increase dendrite surface area

axon hillock

space in between cell body and axon; where action potential begins

terminal button

knob on tip of axon, releases neurotransmitters

synpase

gap between terminal buttons and dendrite of other neuron

dendrite branches

increase surface area of dendrites to receive more info more efficiently

nucleus

governs activity of cell including protein production

endoplasmic reticulum

protein synthesis

mitochondrion

powerhouse of the cell

golgi apparatus

packs and preps to move things (proteins) around the cell

sensory neuron

collect afferent info and connects with interneurons

sensory neuron types

bipolar and somatosensory

bipolar neuron

1 axon, 1 dendrite

somatosensory neuron

brings sensory info to CNS ex: feeling warmth

interneurons (association cells)

gets info from sensory neuron and sends to motor neurons

interneuron types

stellate, pyramidal, purkinje

stellate

star shaped, small, has many dendrites and connections; important for larger brained animals and behavior complexity

pyramidial cells

pyramid cell body; very long axon, 2 sets of dendrites (apical and basal); transmits info from cortex to CNS

purkinje cells

highly branched dendrites; transmit info from cerebellum to CNS

motor neurons

sole conveyor of efferent neural info to muscles, in lower brainstem and spinal cord, has a lot of dendrites, long axon

neuronal dynamics

recieve thousands of signals to increase or decrease likelihood of activity

summation

decision to excite or inhibit

types of summation

temporal or spatial

temporal summation

repeated signals form a single source over short period of time

spatial summation

signals from multiple sources recieved at same time

ependymal cells

small, ovoid cells on walls of ventricles; for CSF production and secretion

hydrocephalus

buildup of CSF cauing a blockage; leads to swelling of brain and damage

consequences of hydrocephalus

impaired intellect