Water, Heating, and Preservation

How does adding solutes to water affect the freezing point?

it lowers the freezing point of water

How does elevation affect the boiling point of water?

increasing elevation decreases the boiling point of water due to less atmospheric pressure

How does water effect food preservation?

a food’s water activity or available water, determines its perishability.

Foods don’t support bacterial growth if its water availability is below 0.85

What is the difference between boiling water processing and pressure canning?

Pressure canning is for basic foods with a higher pH whereas boiling water processing is for acidic foods with a low pH

modified atmospheric packaging (Map)

a type of aseptic packaging that changes the gas inside of the package (usually to CO2 or N2) to remove oxygen

controlled-atmospheric packaging

a type of aseptic packaging that removes all O2 in the package

What does the Radura Symbol mean

it identifies irradiated food

What nutrients are most likely to be lost during cooking?

water soluble vitamins, especially vitamin C and the B vitamins

How do moist-heat cooking methods effect food quality, nutrient retention, and sensory characteristics

Moist heat cooking methods soften food and make it more tender. However, color, flavor compounds, and nutrients can leach out using moist heat cooking methods.

conduction

heat transfers from a heat source to a pan and then to food through direct contact

convection

heated air or liquid expands, becomes less dense, and rises, creating circular currents

radiation

transfers heat through electromagnetic waves