Monocytes & Lymphocytes (Cram)

What are monocytes called when in blood?

Still monocyte

What are monocytes called when in tissue?

Macrophage

What are the three functions of monocytes?

1. Phagocytosis

2. Processing antigens

3. Recruiting other WBC to the area

Are monocytes more prominent in chronic or acute infections, why?

Chronic, because monocytes are usually recruited in after the initial attack by other WBC's

Term for increased monocytes

Monocytosis

What type of drug induces monocytosis in dogs?

Glucocorticoids

Term for decreased monocytes (normal condition)

Monocytopenia

What are the four stages of the journey of a lymphocyte?

1. Originate in the bone marrow/thymus

2. Circulate in blood (about 20 mins)

3. Temporary residence in lymph nodes

4. Travel through lymph ducts

About ___% of all lymphocytes ever appear in the blood

10%

True or false: Lymphocytes live the shortest amount of time of all the WBC's

False. They are actually the longest lived

What are the two types of lymphocytes, what type of immunity are they involved in?

1. B–lymphocytes: Humoral immunity

2. T–lymphocytes: Cell–mediated immunity

Can you visibly tell the difference between the two types of lymphocytes?

No

What type of T–cell marks things and activates B and T–lymphocytes?

Helper T–cell

What type of T–cell regulates a response?

Suppressor T–cell

In what animal, and at what age are lymphoctyes high?

Higher in young cats

In what animal, and at what age are lymphocytes low?

Lower in young horses

Term for increased lymphocytes

Lymphocytosis

What about an animal's behaviour can indicate that there may be lymphocytosis?

Excitement, epinephrine release can cause lymphocytosis

What are some conditions that may cause lymphocytosis?

Chronic inflammatory disease, leukemia

Term for decreased lymphocytes

Lymphopenia

What type of drug can cause lymphopenia by sequestering lymphocytes in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen

Glucocorticoids

What can cause the body to release its own glucocorticoids?

Severe systemic bacterial or viral infections

The rupture of which structure can cause lymphopenia?

Lymphatic ducts

What are the three types of lymphocyte by appearence?

1. Resting

2. Activated

3. Granular

What type of lymphocyte is this?

Resting

What type of lymphocyte is this?

Activated

What type of lymphocyte is this?

Granular

In most species, what are the most to least counted WBC's in order? Remember: Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

1. Neutrophil

2. Lymphocyte

3. Monocyte

4. Eosinophil

5. Basophil

What are the three methods of counting WBC's?

1. Manual technique

2. Differential blood count

3. Electric cell counters

Which method is also called the Unopette hemocytometer method?

Manual technique

What are the four factors affecting the WBC count?

1. Breed

2. Age (younger animals usually higher)

3. Stage of estrus (increased)

4. Exercise and excitement (increased)

Term for an increase of WBC's

Leukocytosis

An increase of what type of WBC is used to determine leukocytosis?

Neutrophils (lymphocytes if bovine)

Term for a decrease of WBC's

Leukopenia