Bio Final

Foramen Magnum

The hole in the occipital bone that allows for the passage of the spinal cord.

Classification of Arm and Leg Bones

Long bones

Fontanels

Membranous areas, soft spots found in infants, typically where the skull bones have not yet fused.

Anatomical Position of the Ulna relative to Radius

Medial

Buffy Coat Components

Platelets and leukocytes (white blood cells).

Protein in Red Blood Cells essential for oxygen transport

Hemoglobin

Osteocytes

Relatively inactive bone cells that help maintain the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the bone tissue.

Function of Articular Cartilage

Allows bones to rub together with reduced friction at joints.

Portions of the Sternum (superior to inferior)

Manubrium, Body, and Xiphoid process.

Hematocrit

The percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) in the blood. (Example: 46% if RBCs are 46%)

Structure on C2 (Axis) allowing head rotation

Dens (odontoid process)

Structural units of mature compact bone

Osteons

Main substance stored in bone

Calcium

Missing features of C1 (Atlas)

Vertebral body and a spinous process.

Location of primary ossification centers in long bones

Diaphysis (shaft)

Location of fused vertebrae in adults

Sacral region of the spine.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation occurring in red bone marrow.

Compact Bone

Hard, dense bone forming the outer surface of bones, giving them strength and structure.

Suture between Temporal and Parietal bones

Squamous suture

Example of a non-cranial bone (part of facial skeleton)

Zygomatic bone

Bone without a paranasal sinus

Nasal bone

Synovial Joint

A fluid-filled cavity between articulating bones, allowing for significant movement.

The patella is classified as what type of bone?

Sesamoid bone

Cranial bone articulating with every other cranial bone

Sphenoid bone

Cells responsible for bone breakdown (resorption)

Osteoclasts

Unique characteristic of the Hyoid bone

Does not articulate with any other bone.

True Ribs

Ribs 1-7, which directly articulate with the sternum.

Functional classification of cartilaginous joints

Synarthroses (non-movable) or Amphiarthroses (slightly movable).

Bones meeting at the Sagittal Suture

Parietal bones

Bones housing teeth

Mandible and maxillary bones.

Palatine bone contribution to skull structure

Hard palate

Functional class of a joint that allows no movement

Synarthrosis

Cell type giving rise to all formed elements of blood

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

Classification of sutures between cranial bones

Fibrous joints

Organ secreting most plasma proteins

Liver

Tissue modeling endochondral bone formation

Hyaline cartilage

Function NOT associated with the axial skeleton

Aiding in motion (primarily a function of the appendicular skeleton).

Only movable bone of the skull

Mandible

Number of Lumbar Vertebrae

5

Unique features of Thoracic Vertebrae

Superior and inferior costal facets, which articulate with the ribs.

Component NOT part of an osteon

Trabeculae (instead found in spongy bone).

Characteristics of Fibrous Joints

Designed for stability and typically allow for little to no movement.

Bones formed by Intramembranous Ossification

Skull bones (where bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue rather than cartilage).

Canaliculi function

Tiny canals connecting lacunae together, facilitating nutrient exchange and communication between osteocytes.

Lacuna

The small cavity that contains an osteocyte, embedded within the bone matrix.

Protein transporting iron from broken-down hemoglobin

Transferrin

Examples of Fibrous Joints (structural classification)

Sutural joints, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.

Functional joint classes (least to most movable)

Synarthrosis → Amphiarthrosis → Diarthrosis.

Most common type of leukocyte (WBC)

Neutrophil

Sense affected by damage to the cribriform plate

Smell (olfaction).