States of Matter and their properties

What are the 3 states of matter?

Solid Liquid and Gas

What is needed for a substance to change from one state to another

Energy transfer

What happens when particles gain energy?

This results in the breaking of some of the attractive forces between particles during melting

How do you evaporate / boil a liquid?

More energy is needed to overcome the remaining chemical bonds between the particles

What is the difference of a liquid evaporating and a liquid boiling?

When a liquid evaporates, particles leave the surface of the liquid only, but when a liquid boils, bubbles of gas form throughout the liquid before rising to the surface and escaping

What is the amount of energy needed for a substance to change state dependant on?

Strength of the attractive forces between particles.

The stronger the forces of attraction…

The more energy needed to break them apart

What do substances with strong attractive forces between particles have in common?

Higher melting and Boiling points

how are the particles in a solid arranged?

In a regular pattern, where the particles in a solid vibrate in a fixed position and are tightly packed together

The particles in a solid have a ____ amount of kinetic energy

Low

How are the particles in a liquid arranged?

In a random arrangement, where they are able to move around eachother

The particles in a liquid have a ________ amount of kinetic energy than particles in a ________

Greater, solid

Why can’t a solid flow?

They have a fixed shape, and the particles can’t be compressed because they are very close together

What can liquids do that solids can’t do?

Liquids can flow and can take the shape of containers that they are placed in

How are the particles in a gas arranged?

They are randomly arranged, and they move around very quickly in all directions.

The particles in a gas have the ___________ of kinetic energy

Highest amount

Why can’t a liquid be compressed?

Because the particles are too close together

Can gases flow and why?

Gases can flow because the particles in a gas are far apart from one another which allows them to move in any direction

Can gases be compressed and why?

Gases can be compressed because when squashed, the particles have empty space to move in to

What are the Limitations in the particle model?

Chemical bonds between particles are not represented, particles are always represented as solid spheres, which is not the case.

Describe particles.

Mostly empty space, and not always spherical in nature

What is aqueous?

Solutions formed when a substance is dissolved in water. A solution is aqueous

When will a substance be solid?

If it’s temperature is lower than the melting point

When will a substance be liquid?

If the temperature of the substance is between the melting point and boiling point

When will a substance be gas

If the temperature of the substance is higher than the boiling point

Which number is the mass number?

The bigger number

What is an isotope?

2 or more forms of the same element that have an equal number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

What does distillation require?

A Liebig Condenser