FilmP 251 Midterm

Aperture

Aperture

measured by f stop, the amount of light coming through the lens onto the film

What are the common f-stops on the aperture scale? (most to least light)

1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22

What is the frame rate we use?

24fps

Persistence of Vision

a type of optical illusion where the human eye continues to briefly see an image after it has disappeared from view; at 24fps the brain cannot see the single image

What are the names of different focal lengths?

Wide angle, normal, telephoto

How does the background appear in an image using telephoto?

the background appears closer

How does the background appear in an image using a wide angle?

the background appears distant

What are the different mm and degrees related to focal length? (wide angle to narrow angle/telephoto)

14mm & 83°, 35mm & 39°, 50mm & 28°, 100mm & 14°, 200mm & 7°,

How are lens classified?

• by focal length (wide angle/normal/telephoto)

• by speed (fast/slow)

• fixed/variable focal length (prime/zoom)

What controls depth of field?

• Aperture (wide=shallow/small=deep)

• focusing distance (near=shallow/far=deep)

• focal length (telephoto=shallow/wide angle=deep)

What is the aspect ratio we use?

16:9

Rule of Thirds

a composition guideline where the frame is divided into thirds, vertically and horizontally; what should the audience’s eye look to? Where are the power points/intersections?

Balanced Composition

objects/people/etc. are placed using the rule of thirds and create an aesthetically pleasing look or add emphasis to negative space/positive space in the image

Shot Sizes

• ECU-Extreme Close Up

• CU-Close Up

• MCU-Medium Close Up

• MS-Medium Shot

• MLS-Medium Long Shot

• LS-Long Shot

• ELS-Extreme Long Shot

• Low Angle

• High Angle

Hitchcock’s Rule

The size of any object in the frame should be proportional to its importance to the story at that moment

What are the 4 Rules of Film Grammar?

• 180° Rule

• 30° Rule

• Screen Direction

• Film Time: Elaboration & Compression

180° Rule

the camera should stay on one side of an imaginary line between characters to preserve visual consistency

30° Rule

move the camera 30° from the axis of the last shot, so the shot doesn’t look weird in the edit

Screen Direction

the relationship between the direction that characters and objects move in a scene to the frame; left to right

How can screen direction change?

• change within the frame

• cut to a neutral shot

Film Time: Elaboration & Compression

Elaboration: long takes, longer/drawn out pace ex. Call Me By Your Name, we watch Oliver come down the stairs and we watch him touch the walls and leave the room/frame

Compression: cutting out unnecessary details, quicker pace

Point of View (POV) Setup

1. Looking shot

2. POV shot

3. Reaction Shot

Eyeline Match

technique to indicate to the audience what a character is seeing/looking at

What makes moving image possible?

1. Camera Obscura Phenomenon 2. Persistence of Vision 3. Invention of Photography (1850)