Midterm Review on Landmark Cases and Constitutional Amendments

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to landmark court cases and the Constitution, as discussed in the midterm review lecture.

What is a landmark case?

A landmark case is a court case that has significant impact on the law, often involving issues of civil rights.

What was the key ruling in Brown v. Board of Education?

It declared that 'separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,' thus outlawing racial segregation in schools.

What does the Fourteenth Amendment address?

It provides that all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are granted citizenship and guarantees equal protection under the law.

What was the significance of the Swan v. Charlotte Mecklenburg case?

The court upheld that busing could be used as a tool to integrate schools.

In Milliken v. Bradley, what did the Supreme Court rule regarding busing across districts?

The court struck down a busing plan from Detroit as there wasn't sufficient evidence of discrimination in neighboring counties.

What does de jure segregation mean?

De jure segregation is segregation that is enforced by law.

What is de facto segregation?

De facto segregation occurs without government action, often driven by societal preferences and habits.

What was the outcome of Plyler v. Doe?

The Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to deny undocumented children access to public education.

What principal did the Robin Hood Law in Texas establish?

It aimed to redistribute funds from wealthy school districts to poorer districts to help equalize educational opportunities.

What did the court decide in Runyon v. McCrary regarding discrimination?

The court held that denying black children admission to a private school was unconstitutional under federal law.

How did the Supreme Court rule in Bob Jones University v. United States?

The court ruled that the university's policy prohibiting admission of black students based on religious beliefs was unconstitutional.

What are the two forms of segregation discussed in the lecture?

De jure segregation and de facto segregation.