ch 01

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the common properties of life?

- The ability to reproduce and pass on genetic information.

- Adaptation to the environment over time.

- Maintenance of a stable internal environment (homeostasis).

- The presence of a multicellular structure.

- Utilization of energy to perform biological processes.

The presence of a multicellular structure.

(ex: Living organisms share several key properties: reproduction, adaptation, response to stimuli, homeostasis, energy utilization, order, and growth and development. Multicellularity is not universal to life; many organisms, such as bacteria, are unicellular.)

Which example demonstrates a systems biology approach?

- Sequencing DNA to identify mutations linked to cancer.

- Modeling how a network of genes regulates cell division.

- Studying a protein's 3D structure to understand its function.

- Isolating organelles to determine their specific roles in cells.

- Examining chemical reactions of a single metabolic enzyme.

Modeling how a network of genes regulates cell division.

(ex: A systems biology approach involves studying how multiple components (e.g., genes, proteins) interact in networks, revealing properties that emerge only at higher levels of organization.)

What is the primary role of the scientific method in science?

- To ensure all hypotheses are proven true.

- To provide definitive answers to scientific questions.

- To replace outdated theories with modern scientific ideas.

- To guide the systematic investigation of natural phenomena.

- To allow scientists to form personal opinions about observations.

To guide the systematic investigation of natural phenomena.

(ex: The scientific method is a systematic process used to investigate and understand natural phenomena. It involves observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and data analysis, leading to conclusions that improve or refine scientific understanding. Hypotheses are not proven true but are supported or refuted by evidence.)

Which of the following best defines a hypothesis in the scientific method?

- A proven explanation for a natural phenomenon.

- An educated guess that predicts an outcome.

- A theory widely accepted by scientists.

- A tentative, testable statement explaining observations.

- A personal belief about how something works.

A tentative, testable statement explaining observations.

(ex: A hypothesis is a tentative, testable statement that explains observations. It differs from a theory, which is broader and supported by substantial evidence.)

Which of the following correctly represents the structural levels of life, from the simplest to the most complex?

- Organ, organ system, cell, tissue, organism.

- Molecule, cell, organ, tissue, organism.

- Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

- Atom, molecule, organism, organ, cell.

- Tissue, organ, cell, organ system, organism.

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

(ex: The structural levels of life progress from smaller units to more complex systems: cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism. This hierarchical organization underpins biology, with each level supporting the next.)

What is the primary goal of systems biology?

- To identify and study emergent properties of biological systems.

- To isolate cellular structures for detailed analysis.

- To simplify complex systems by studying individual components.

- To apply reductionism to study protein interactions.

- To examine DNA sequences to predict gene expression patterns.

To identify and study emergent properties of biological systems.

(ex: Systems biology seeks to understand how biological systems function by analyzing the interactions between components, rather than isolating them. This holistic approach helps reveal emergent properties.)

Which of the following scenarios best represents a reductionism approach in biology?

- Exploring how neural networks generate consciousness.

- Examining a single gene to understand its role in a disease.

- Investigating how a population adapts to environmental changes.

- Modeling an ecosystem to study energy flow between organisms.

- Studying food webs to analyze predator-prey relationships.

Examining a single gene to understand its role in a disease.

(ex: A reductionism approach focuses on smaller components, like a single gene, to understand broader biological functions. This contrasts with systems biology, which examines interactions in larger systems.)

Which statement best describes the reductionism approach in biology?

- Studying the interactions of organisms in ecosystems.

- Understanding the functions of a whole organism without focusing on individual parts.

- Breaking down complex systems into smaller, simpler components for study.

- Exploring emergent properties by analyzing higher levels of biological organization.

- Observing behavioral patterns to infer molecular interactions.

Breaking down complex systems into smaller, simpler components for study.

(ex: Reductionism is a scientific approach that simplifies complex systems by breaking them into smaller components for detailed study. For example, studying DNA structure to understand heredity is a reductionist approach.)

How does a scientific hypothesis differ from a scientific theory?

- A hypothesis explains a wide range of phenomena, while a theory is testable.

- A hypothesis predicts outcomes, but a theory is proven correct.

- A hypothesis is a tentative explanation, while a theory is well-supported and broad.

- A hypothesis is based on belief, whereas a theory is universally accepted.

- A hypothesis is used to interpret data, but a theory generates new experiments.

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation, while a theory is well-supported and broad.

(ex: A hypothesis is a testable, specific prediction based on observations. A theory is a well-supported, broad explanation that integrates evidence and generates further hypotheses. Students often mistake theories as unchanging or confuse them with facts.)

At which structural level of life does "a life" first appear?

- Molecular level.

- Organism level.

- Organ level.

- Cellular level.

- Tissue level.

Cellular level.

(ex: Cell is the basic unit of life)

Which of the following is an example of an emergent property?

- A flock of birds coordinating their movements as a group.

- A protein folding into its functional three-dimensional shape.

- An individual neuron transmitting electrical signals.

- The presence of nitrogen in the atmosphere.

- The replication of DNA by a single enzyme.

A flock of birds coordinating their movements as a group.

(ex: Emergent properties arise when individual components interact to produce effects not seen in the components themselves. Examples include collective behaviors like flocking in birds or consciousness in humans, which cannot be understood solely by examining parts in isolation.)

Which of the following is NOT considered a limitation of the scientific method?

- It requires observations and evidence that are repeatable and measurable.

- It cannot scientifically test supernatural phenomena or non-natural explanations.

- It cannot address questions related to personal beliefs or ethics.

- It cannot study phenomena that fall outside the natural world.

- It cannot provide the definitive answers to all natural phenomena.

It requires observations and evidence that are repeatable and measurable.

(ex: The scientific method is limited to investigating natural phenomena and cannot address supernatural explanations, personal beliefs, ethical questions, or provide the definitive and 100% true answers. However, its reliance on repeatable, measurable evidence is a strength, not a limitation.)

Which of the following is a common feature shared among all living organisms?

- All living organisms can create energy

- All living organisms regulate their internal condition consistent

- All living organisms have a random structure

- All living organisms produce offspring by themselves

- All living organisms do not change their traits over generations

All living organisms regulate their internal condition consistent

Water molecules are just polar molecules. However, when a lot of water molecules come together to form a body of water, it starts showing many interesting features. For example, it allows many organic molecules to be dissolved in water to allow chemical reactions to happen.

What theme of biology does this illustrate?

- Reductionism

- Law of conservation of energy

- Feedback regulation

- Emergent properties

- Systems Biology

Emergent properties

(emergent properties is the reaction/characteristics because of relationships/interactions between organism and its smaller components in a system)

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are made of cells, either unicellular or multicellular. However, prokaryotes do not have a nucleus in their cell. Should we consider prokaryotes as a "life?"

- a life

- not a life because they don't have a nucleus.

- not a life because they are prokaryotes

- not a life because they are all unicellular

a life

Who is known as the father of Taxonomy?

- Carolus Linnaeus

- George Cuvier

- James Hutton

- Charles Lyell

- Charles Darwin

Carolus Linnaeus

Which of the following steps in the scientific method should be done before forming a hypothesis? Select All That Apply.

- Conclusion

- Observation

- Question

- Experiment

- Prediction

Observation

Question

What are the three domains of life?

- Animalia, Plantae, and Bacteria

- Eukarya, Fungi, and Prokarya

- Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

- Animalia, Bacteria, and Archaea

- Cell, Organelle, and DNA

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Which of the following is the highest level of organization among what is listed here?

- Organ system

- Population

- Organelle

- Cell

- Tissue

Population

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

- All living organisms are made up of one or more cells

- All communities are made up of one or more populations

- All organs are made up of organelles

- A biosphere is made up of all the ecosystem

- An organism is made up of all organ systems

All organs are made up of organelles

All organisms of the same species in one area at a specific time are considered as ...

- a population

- an organism

- a community

- an ecosystem

- a biosphere

a population

Select all the current eukaryotic kingdoms.

- Prokarya

- Fungi

- Protista

- Animalia

- Plantae

Fungi

Animalia

Plantae

From what level of organization do we consider that life starts?

- Atom

- DNA

- Organelle

- Cell

- Organism

Cell

A scientific theory is different from a hypothesis in that it is proven true after many years of experiments while a hypothesis is just an educated guess.

- True

- False

False

Cells are composed of many different organelles. To understand the basic nature of a cell, we must understand how each organelle in a cell interacts with the other. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?

- Genetics

- Emergent Properties

- Systems Biology

- Reductionism

- Evolution

Systems Biology

(systems biology is relationships/interactions between units of life with their components)