atmosphere

What’s nitrogen used for

Nitrification

protein synthesis

What is oxygen used for?

Aerobic respiration

Ozone production

What is carbon dioxide used for

Photosynthesis

Greenhouse effect

Bottom layer of atmosphere

Troposphere

Middle layer of atmosphere

Stratosphere

Top layer of atmosphere

Mesosphere

Temperature troposphere

Decreases due to density of gases decreasing

Temperature stratosphere

Increases as ozone absorbs uv rays

Temperature mesosphere

Decreases due lower density of molecules no ozone

How co2 is released into the atmosphere 4

Decomposition from deforestation- aerobic respiration releases co2

 Exhaust emissions – combustion of petrol releases co2

Peat bog destruction- when peat bogs evaporate the bacteria can respire aerobically releasing c02

Impact- co2 absorbs infrared energy- concentration increases more infrared energy is absorbed, secreting heat.

How is methane released into the atmosphere 3

Rice paddies and livestock- anaerobic bacteria release CH4

Mining- hit upon a gas deposit which releases methane

Permafrost- glacial ice contains bubbles which contain methane.

how is nitrous oxides released into the atmosphere 2

Combustion of Fossils fuels- N2 + O2  Nox

Fertilisers

How much of the UV rays are reflected 2

26% reflected by clouds

6% reflected by snow and ice

how much of incoming uv is absorbed 2

50% by the earth

ozone absorbs 18%

How much energy is retained?

10% of energy is retained by the earth

how much of remitted energy is retained

co2 absorbs 22% of IR energy

60% is re-raidated from the clouds due to clouds being made of water vapour.

8% of IR is directly to space.

Albedo

capacity of a body to reflect UV energy. Earths is 0.32.