Patho GI System

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/94

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

95 Terms

1
New cards

GI system function

Chemical and physical breakdown of food to be absorbed and used by body cells

2
New cards

Digestion happens due to

Happens due to endocrine and exocrine glands

3
New cards

Beginning of digestion stuff

mouth

Teeth grind food

Tongue- taste- rolls food into for swallowing

Saliva- help swallows- moisten food

Aids in digestion

4
New cards

mechanical part of digestion

Mastication- chewing

Deglutition- swallowing

Churning in stomach mixes with HCL and enzyme- pepsin

Substance going into duodenum- chyme

Pancreas and liver secrete enzymes into duodenum for digestion

5
New cards

stomach enzymes

HCL and Pepsin

6
New cards

what does bile emulsify

Fats, A, D, E, K

7
New cards

Liver functions

Detoxify toxins in blood

Metabolism of proteins/fats/carbs

Maintain proteins for clotting- fibrinogen/prothrombin

Absorbs excess glucose

make bile

8
New cards

pancreas functions

  • digestion of proteins- (trypsin, chymotrypsin)

    • Fats (lipase)

    • Carbs (amylase)

    • Maintain glucose levels- secreting glucose and insulin

9
New cards

fats

lipase

10
New cards

carbs

amylase

11
New cards

tracheoesophageal fistula

Abnormal or surgically made passage between structures

Trachea/esophagus

Common congenital abnormality

<p>Abnormal or surgically made passage between structures</p><p>Trachea/esophagus</p><p>Common congenital abnormality</p>
12
New cards

atresia

when esophagus does not fully develop

13
New cards
term image

tracheosesophageal fistula

14
New cards
term image

hiatal hernia

15
New cards

Reflux/GERD caused by

Esophagitis

Infection

Injury

Medication

Hiatal hernia

16
New cards

what decreases the pressure of the esophageal sphincter

Alcohol

Chocolate

Caffeine

Fatty foods

17
New cards

GERD

causes burning chest pain- mimic heart attack

<p>causes burning chest pain- mimic heart attack</p><p></p>
18
New cards
term image

GERD/Reflux

19
New cards

Reflux can cause

Ulcers/erosion

Slow esophageal peristalsis

Dilation of esophagus

<p>Ulcers/erosion</p><p>Slow esophageal peristalsis</p><p>Dilation of esophagus</p>
20
New cards
term image

Reflux/Gerd

21
New cards

Barretts esophagus location and looks like

Usually middle to lower esophagus

Smooth- striated mucosa

Smooth tapered stricture

<p>Usually middle to lower esophagus</p><p>Smooth- striated mucosa</p><p>Smooth tapered stricture</p>
22
New cards

Barrett’s esophagus caused by

GERD

23
New cards
term image

Barrett’s esophagus

24
New cards

Schatzki ring

Narrowing- tissue forms a ring inside the esophagus

Close to cardiac sphincter

Usually associated with HH

<p>Narrowing- tissue forms a ring inside the esophagus</p><p>Close to cardiac sphincter</p><p>Usually associated with HH</p>
25
New cards
term image

Schatzki ring

26
New cards

Esophageal diverticulitis

Outpouchings, are common lesions that herniate through the muscular layer of the esophagus

<p>Outpouchings, are common lesions that herniate through the muscular layer of the esophagus</p>
27
New cards
term image

esophageal diverticulitis

28
New cards

zenker diverticula

upper esophagus

<p>upper esophagus</p>
29
New cards
term image

zenker diverticula

30
New cards
<p></p>

polyp

31
New cards
term image

polyp

32
New cards

esophageal varices due to
what they look like on xray

Dilated veins in the wall of the esophagus can be a result of cirrhosis of the liver

Seen on xray- round or oval filling defects

<p>Dilated veins in the wall of the esophagus can be a result of cirrhosis of the liver</p><p>Seen on xray- round or oval filling defects</p>
33
New cards

what causes esophageal varices

liver cirrhosis

34
New cards
term image

esophageal varices

35
New cards
term image

esophageal cancer

36
New cards

exams for esophagus

Endoscopy/ barium (single/double)

Exam and position

37
New cards

pathologies of esophagus

Ulcer

Hiatal hernia

Reflux

Diverticulum

Polyp

Stricture

Varices

Cancer

Barrett esophagus

Schatzki ring

38
New cards

gastritis

Inflammation of lining

<p>Inflammation of lining</p>
39
New cards

what causes gastritis

Alcohol

Corrosive agent

Infection- helicobacter pylori

Thickened mucosal folds

<p>Alcohol</p><p>Corrosive agent</p><p>Infection- helicobacter pylori</p><p>Thickened mucosal folds</p>
40
New cards
term image

gastritis

41
New cards

pyloric stenosis and what its seen on

Infants

Best seen on US- thickened pyloric muscle

GI also- filling defect at antrum and delayed gastric emptying

<p>Infants</p><p>Best seen on US- thickened pyloric muscle</p><p>GI also- filling defect at antrum and delayed gastric emptying</p>
42
New cards
term image

pyloric stenosis

43
New cards

peptic ulcer disease
location, cause

Stomach and duodenum

Usually seen on lesser curvature
Caused by acid and pepsin

Complications- bleeding

<p>Stomach and duodenum</p><p>Usually seen on lesser curvature<br>Caused by acid and pepsin</p><p>Complications- bleeding</p>
44
New cards
term image

peptic ulcer disease

45
New cards
term image

stomach cancer

46
New cards

chron’s disease and who its common in

Chronic Inflammatory- progressive- long term

A form of IBD

Unknown cause
Most common in young adults- 15-25

47
New cards

where is chrons disease found

Usually terminal ileum/proximal colon- can happen anywhere and more than one area

<p>Usually terminal ileum/proximal colon- can happen anywhere and more than one area</p>
48
New cards

what does chrons disease cause

Can cause weight loss, anemia, bleeding

<p>Can cause weight loss, anemia, bleeding</p>
49
New cards

what does chrons disease look like on xray

Thickened mucosal folds

Sometimes separated by normal segments of bowel

inflammation-loss of haustral markings

<p>Thickened mucosal folds</p><p class="p1">Sometimes separated by normal segments of bowel</p><p class="p1">inflammation-loss of haustral markings</p>
50
New cards
term image

chrons disease

51
New cards

malrotation

congenital and can cause obstruction

<p>congenital and can cause obstruction</p>
52
New cards
term image

malrotation

53
New cards

ileus

intestinal obstruction

<p>intestinal obstruction</p>
54
New cards

causes of ileus

Abdominal surgery

Electrolyte or metabolic disorders

Trauma

Some medications

55
New cards

adynamic/paralytic ileus

Lack of motility-peristalsis- no physical blockage

<p>Lack of motility-peristalsis- no physical blockage</p>
56
New cards

mechanical ileus

mechanical obstruction- definite blockage

<p>mechanical obstruction- definite blockage</p>
57
New cards
term image

ileus

58
New cards

intussusception and its location

Major cause of bowel obstruction in children

Telescoping/prolapse of one part of the intestines into another

Can affect vascular supply or necrosis

Usually by ileocecal valve

<p>Major cause of bowel obstruction in children</p><p>Telescoping/prolapse of one part of the intestines into another</p><p>Can affect vascular supply or necrosis</p><p>Usually by ileocecal valve</p>
59
New cards

treatment of intussuception

BE can reduce

Too much pressure can lead to perforation

60
New cards
term image

intussuception

61
New cards

malabsorption

Problems absorbing carbs, proteins, fats in small bowel

Results in steatorrhea- bulky, foul smelling, high fat containing stool

Caused by many diseases

62
New cards

steatorrhea

bulky, foul smelling, high fat containing stool

63
New cards

appendicitis

Neck of appendix gets blocked and feces/fluid can’t drain- breeds bacteria and develop abscess

On xray Round or oval calcified area

Acute- no barium enema- could perforate

64
New cards
term image

appendicitis

65
New cards

diverticulosis and its location

Condition of having one or more diverticula

Not inflamed

Mostly in sigmoid

Usually no symptoms

<p>Condition of having one or more diverticula</p><p>Not inflamed</p><p>Mostly in sigmoid</p><p>Usually no symptoms</p>
66
New cards
term image

diverticulosis

67
New cards

diverticulitis

Inflamed diverticula

Usually diverticulosis leads into this

Could lead to perforation

<p>Inflamed diverticula</p><p>Usually diverticulosis leads into this</p><p>Could lead to perforation</p>
68
New cards
term image

diverticulitis

69
New cards

ulcerative colitis

IBD

Young adults

Symptoms come and go

Extreme dilation of colon

Involves mucosal layer

<p>IBD</p><p>Young adults</p><p>Symptoms come and go</p><p>Extreme dilation of colon</p><p>Involves mucosal layer</p>
70
New cards
<p></p>

ulcerative colitis

71
New cards

ischemic colitis
sx and who its common in

Most older than 50

Prior cardiovascular disease

Sudden severe abdominal pain

<p>Most older than 50</p><p>Prior cardiovascular disease</p><p>Sudden severe abdominal pain</p>
72
New cards

ischemic colitis on xray

On xray-deep ulcers, pseudopolyps, finger-like indentations along colon wall

<p>On xray-deep ulcers, pseudopolyps, finger-like indentations along colon wall</p>
73
New cards
term image

ischemic colitis

74
New cards

chrons seen in what group

15-25

75
New cards

IBS

Alteration in intestinal mobility from underlying condition

Chronic pain

Abnormal increase in small and large bowel motility

Not seen with radiology modalities

May have BE to rule out other conditions

76
New cards

colon/rectal cancer

Leading cause of death from cancer in the US

Most common annular carcinoma- in sigmoid and rectum

Btw ages 50-70 occur

Can develop from polyps and colitis

<p>Leading cause of death from cancer in the US</p><p>Most common annular carcinoma- in sigmoid and rectum</p><p>Btw ages 50-70 occur</p><p>Can develop from polyps and colitis</p>
77
New cards
term image

colon cancer

78
New cards

volvulus and its location

Twisting of the bowel on itself causing obstruction

Mostly cecum or sigmoid

<p>Twisting of the bowel on itself causing obstruction</p><p>Mostly cecum or sigmoid</p>
79
New cards
<p></p>

volvulus

80
New cards

small bowel obstruction

Distended loops filled with gas

Bowel proximal to obstruction may be filled with fluid

<p>Distended loops filled with gas</p><p>Bowel proximal to obstruction may be filled with fluid</p>
81
New cards
term image

small bowel obstruction

82
New cards

large bowel obstruction

Massive accumulation of gas proximal to obstruction

Absence of gas distal to obstruction

High risk of bowel perforation

<p>Massive accumulation of gas proximal to obstruction</p><p>Absence of gas distal to obstruction</p><p>High risk of bowel perforation</p>
83
New cards
term image

large bowel obstruction

84
New cards

hemorrhoids

Varicose veins of lower rectum- pain, itching, bleeding
Defect filling-look like polyps on distal rectum

<p>Varicose veins of lower rectum- pain, itching, bleeding<br>Defect filling-look like polyps on distal rectum</p>
85
New cards

causes of hemorrhoids

increased pressure from constipation

Pelvic tumor

Pregnancy

86
New cards
term image

hemorrhoids

87
New cards

ascities

Fluid collects within abdominal spaces- between the 2 layers of peritoneum

Cause infection

<p>Fluid collects within abdominal spaces- between the 2 layers of peritoneum</p><p>Cause infection</p>
88
New cards

acites caused by

Usually caused by cirrhosis or other liver disease

High blood pressure can lead to leaking of fluid out of veins into abdomen

<p>Usually caused by cirrhosis or other liver disease</p><p>High blood pressure can lead to leaking of fluid out of veins into abdomen</p>
89
New cards

acites looks like on film

Diffusely increased density of the abdomen

Poor definition of soft tissue

Medial displacement of bowel

<p>Diffusely increased density of the abdomen</p><p>Poor definition of soft tissue</p><p>Medial displacement of bowel</p><p></p>
90
New cards
term image

acites

91
New cards

pneumoperitoneum and what its caused by

Air trapped in the peritoneal cavity

Caused from tissue erosion, ischemia, infection, injury

<p>Air trapped in the peritoneal cavity</p><p>Caused from tissue erosion, ischemia, infection, injury</p>
92
New cards
term image

pneumoperitoneum

93
New cards

cholelithiasis
when it occurs

Occurs when bile doesn’t have enough bile salts and lecithin: cholesterol

Types:

Cholesterol stone- most common

Harder to penetrate

<p>Occurs when bile doesn’t have enough bile salts and lecithin: cholesterol</p><p>Types:</p><p>Cholesterol stone- most common</p><p>Harder to penetrate</p>
94
New cards
term image

cholelithiaisis

95
New cards

cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder