Exam 4 - lungs pt 3

what is a key characteristic of pneumonia

lung consolidation leading to edema/exudate

what are the patterns of appearance of acute bacterial pneumonia

bronchopneumonia

lobar pneumonia

describe bronchopneumonia

patchy edema and consolidation of lungs

describe lobar pneumonia

edema and consolidation in a single lobe

90% of lobar pneumonia is from what causative agent

strep. pneumoniae

what is the causative agent of community-acquired acute pneumonia

strep. penumoniae (pneumococcal pneumonia)

describe the cough of community-acquired acute pneumonia

productive cough with yellow-green sputum

what increases the risk of community-acquired acute pneumonia

long periods of lying on back

what makes community-acquired atypical pneumonia atypical?

no physical findings to support lung consolidation

minimal pulmonary infiltrates

where is edema confined in community-acquired atypical pneumonia

alveolar septa

what microbes cause community-acquired atypical pneumonia

common cold

bacteria: mycoplasma pneumoniae

viral: rhinovirus, coronavirus

where is community-acquired atypical pneumonia commonly spread

schools, military, camps, prisons

describe the cough in community-acquired atypical pneumonia

non-productive

symptoms of hospital-acquired pneumonia occur after how many hours of being at the facility

48

what is the most common bacteria to cause hospital-acquired pneumonia

staph aureus (MRSA)

inhalation of a gastric contents/foreign material leads to ___ pneumonia

aspiration

what kind of people are more at risk of aspiration pneumonia

debilitated

in which lung are lung abscesses more common

right side

what is the causative agent of tuberculosis

mycobacterium tuberculosis

what is the most common cause of infectious death

TB

where is TB most common

SE Asia and Southern Africa regions

describe primary TB

infected but not symptomatic or contagious

describe secondary TB

symptomatic, destructive lung lesions, caseous granulomas

how is TB diagnosed

tuberculin test

how is TB transmitted

respiratory droplets

progressive destruction of the lungs from TB results in coughing up of blood called _____

hemoptysis

what is the severe form of TB that is systemic called

miliary

how does miliary TB spread

pulmonary lymphatics and blood

evidence of TB seen as caseous granulomas in the subpleural area is called

Ghon Focus

what is Ghon Complex

subpleural and lymph node regions have granulomas

calcification and fibrosis of hilar nodes is evidence of a TB infection called

Ranke Complex

TB in the spine is known as

Pott's Disease

who most commonly gets cytomegalovirus infections

transplant recipients

what is a characteristic appearance of cytomegalovirus

owl's eye

pneumocystis pneumonia is a ___ defining lung disease

AIDS

what is the most common benign lung tumor

hamartoma

how does hamartoma appear

coin lesion

Bronchogenic carcinomas represent malignant lung ____ which mostly arise from ____ epithelia

tumors, bronchial

bronchogenic carcinomas lead to death in ___% of males and ___% of females

29, 26

what causes 90% of lung cancer cases

90

what are the 4 primary types of lung cancer

1. adenocarcinoma

2. squamous cell carcinoma

3. large- cell carcinoma

4. small-cell lung carcinoma

what is the most common primary lung cancer

adenocarcinoma

which of the primary types of lung cancer make up non-small cell lung cancers

adenocarcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

large-cell carcinoma

smoking is the most common cause of which primary lung cancers

squamous cell carcinoma

small-cell lung cancer

what is the most aggressive lung cancer

small-cell lung cancer