Fire and life safety educator

_____ is the strongest weapon in the fire and life safety educator's arsenal against death, injury, and property loss.

Knowledge

What is defined as the rapid oxidation process with the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities?

Fire

What is defined as the technical understanding of how fires ignite, grow, and spread?

Fire Dynamics

What are the 4 sub specialties of fire dynamics most interesting to educators?

Ignition and heat release

Heat transfer

Fire growth and spread

Flashover

What 3 key areas help participants understand how factors will react with each other?

Material properties

Temperature of Ignition Source

Amount of heat applied

What is defined as the basic measurement of fire stored energy?

Fire Load

What is defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree F at the pressure of 1 atmosphere?

British Thermal Unit (BTU)

What 3 things have the greatest impact on ignition behavior?

Ignition temperature

Surface area

Mass of a material

Heat is transferred from one item to another by __, ___, ___.

Radiation

Convection

Conduction

When fuel continues to burn without the external heat sources this is called what?

Established burning

What is defined as when fire spreads very rapidly and other items in the room appear to burst into flames with average temperature at the ceiling ranging from 930 degrees to 1300 degrees F?

Flashover

_____ refers to whether or not people can remain unhurt in a fire are or escape without serious injury.

Tenability

2 people could react very differently to the same fire. How well someone can withstand the physical assault of fire, heat, smoke, and gases depends on what?

Age of the victim - very old and very young don't do well

Size - larger people can tolerate large doses of toxic gases

Pre-existing medical condition

Respiratory capacity - 3 out of 4 fire deaths are due to smoke inhalation

Medication, drugs or alcohol

____ is the scientific measurement of how much heat is available for transfer to a human skin.

Heat flu

What are some of the negative physical effects during fire that visible smoke produces?

Reduced Visibility

Irritation and toxicity caused by inhaling smoke particles

Emotional effects, causing fear

____ is the primary culprit in fire deaths.

Carbon monoxide

___ poisoning alone accounts for about half of all fire deaths.

Carbon monoxide

_________ is what the fire and life safety educator does by developing and sharing safety skills and information.

Changing human behavior

In 1982 Dr. John Keating wrote an article called ___ which identified the four elements to panic behavior?

The Myth of Panic

Dr. John Keating's four elements to panic behavior are:

A hope for escape even with closing escape routes

Contagious behavior, especially if key noted by leaders of a group affected by fire.

Aggressive concern by the individual for his or her own safety as opposed to concern for others in the same fire.

Irrational, illogical response to the fire situation

What are the 6 basic techniques people use to decide what to do in a fire?

Threat recognition

Validation

Definition

Evaluation

Commitment

Reassessment

In the 6 basic techniques people use to decided what to do in a fire define threat recognition?

Something isn't right and people hope the threat is false

In the 6 basic techniques people use to decided what to do in a fire define validation?

Unsure on how serious a threat is

In the 6 basic techniques people use to decided what to do in a fire define definition ?

People ask themselves, what do they know about the threat

In the 6 basic techniques people use to decided what to do in a fire define evaluation ?

People decide whether to fight or flight

In the 6 basic techniques people use to decided what to do in a fire define commitment ?

People begin to act on the decision made during evaluation

In the 6 basic techniques people use to decided what to do in a fire define reassessment ?

If the action does not appear to work, the people will reassess

Smoke detectors are required to have a sound level output of at least ____ decibels at ___ feet.

85

10

Homes need __ smoke detector on each level of the residence, outside each sleeping area.

1

Estimated 92% of households in the U.S. have smoke detectors, however about ___ % of those households have nonoperational smoke detectors.

20

What accounts for almost all of the nonoperational detectors?

Dead, missing, or disconnected batteries

Products of combustion can be detected by this smoke detector by using tiny amounts of radioactive materials, when the smoke enters the chamber they it attaches itself to the electrically charged molecules which sets this type of detector off>

Ionization smoke detector

This detector responds to most fires; however it responds faster to flaming fires than to smoldering fires.

Ionization smoke detector

This detector is sometimes called the visible products of combustion detector and it uses a photoelectric cell coupled with a light source. It performs in 2 ways with beam application and refractory application

Photoelectric smoke detector

____ detectors are fixed temperature detectors and rate of rise detectors.

Heat

______ detectors are generally restricted to high hazard areas such as transformer vaults.

Flame

What are the 3 kinds of exit lighting and signs?

Exit Lighting

Emergency Lighting

Exit Signs

_______are a frequent topic for presentations for both the general public and in the workplace.

Portable extinguishers

Matching extinguishers to ____ are extremely important.

Hazard

A ____ is a combination of the fuel involved and the hazard of the occupancy.

Hazard

What class of fire involves wood and paper and uses water based, multipurpose and dry chemicals to extinguisher?

Class A

What class of fire involves flammable liquids and uses carbon dioxide, dry chemical, AFFF, and halon extinguishers?

Class B

What class of fire involves charged electrical equipment and uses carbon dioxide, dry chemical, and halon extinguishers?

Class C

What class of fire involves combustible metals and uses dry powder extinguishers?

Class D

When advising the public about what type of portable fire extinguisher to choose the fire educator will emphasize what to key points?

Match the extinguisher to the fuel

Match the extinguisher to the hazard

What are the key messages that should be remembered after purchasing a fire extinguisher?

Know how to use the extinguisher

Know when to use it

Know whether the extinguisher needs annual maintenance or replacement after use

What are the 3 major types of burns?

Thermal

Chemical

Electrical

What type of burns affects only the skins outer layer, the epidermis which is like a sunburn but does not blister or scar?

1st Degree

What type of burns extends to the dermis, second layer of skin, will blister and can be very painful and may even scar?

2nd Degree

What type of burns are serious injuries in which the skin is too damaged to heal due to all 3 layers of the skin being burned away?

3rd Degree

Physicians use the ____ to calculate the percent of body surface area burned in adults and children.

Rule of Nines

NFPA ___ placard is a marking symbol for hazardous materials.

704

NFPA 704 identifies what three kinds of hazards associated with the hazardous materials?

Blue - Health

Red - Flammability

Yellow - Reactivity

White - Represents a specialized hazard that might be with the product like the use of no water

In the NFPA 704 the severity of a hazard is given by a number with 0 indicating _____ and 4 indicating _____.

No hazard

Severe hazard

___ is sometimes called " the art of accomplishing organizational objectives through and with people.

Management

_____ is the planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating the work of other people.

Management

What are the 3 broad styles of leadership?

Autocratic

Laissez-faire

Democratic

Which style of leadership has the leader relying very little on suggestions from other by making decisions independently, and informing people after the decision is made?

Autocratic

Which style of leadership has the leader sharing responsibility with the group with this leader relying on other people for suggestions and delegated some of the decisions to others?

Laissez-faire

Which type of leadership style has the leader being team oriented and giving his authority to the group where the group makes the decisions?

Democratic

Which 2 types of leadership styles are not well suited for emergencies?

Laissez-faire

Democratic

Leader styles could be described as what 4 ways?

Bureaucratic

Single issue

Middle of the road

Dual issue

This leader style has a low degree of concern for workers and a low degree of concern for production. This leader can be found in a large organization and they don't reward the employee and discourage any extra work to be done.

Bureaucratic

This leader style is very concerned about the production needs and the worker needs. They produce a very production oriented or a very worker oriented atmosphere.

Single Issue

This leader style has a moderated concern for production and a moderate concern for workers.

Middle of the road

This leader style has a high concern for the workers as well as a high degree of concern for production and encourages the workers to be all they can be.

Dual issue

What leadership land mines should today's managers try to avoid?

The belief that one leadership style fits every person

A tendency to be overly autocratic or dictatorial

A tendency to adopt the same approach to leadership used by impressive former managers

What guidelines should the educator follow when planning for the next years budget?

Do a self critique of last years budget

Start a file of cost information

Keep accurate records about this year's costs

Learn to use a computer spreadsheet before the next budget cycle

What guidelines should the educator use to keep the expense log useful?

Keep the log as simple as possible by recording info that will be used

Make the log clear

Enter expenses regularly

Log expenses by project

Fire and Life Safety Educators use ____ for letters, memos, reports, and simple handouts.

Word processors

____ are the basic computer tool for dealing with numbers.

Spreadsheets

____ are electronic filing cabinets.

Databases

According to ______ managers saw employees in one of two ways called Theory X and Theory Y.

Douglas McGregor

Which theory views employees as hating work, needing to be pushed and directed, avoiding responsibility, and having little ambition?

Theory X

Which theory views workers as a natural human activity by feeling that people accept and look for responsibility and enjoy coming to work?

Theory Y

What is the 1st step in managing performance?

Setting expectations

Some managers use the ________ when it comes to evaluating workers which involves the manager acknowledging accomplishments followed by a discussion of unsatisfactory performance, and ending with a review of both favorable and unfavorable performance.

Sandwich Technique

Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) laws are often said to be for minorities but EEO laws apply to ________.

Protected groups - which include blacks, Hispanics, Asians, Native Americans, women, disadvantaged young people, veterans, and people over the age of 40

What is the 5 step process for public fire education planning?

Identification - of a major problem

Selection - of the most cost effective objectives for the education program

Design - of the program itself

Implementation - of the program plan

Evaluation - of the fire safety program to determine impact

Identifying major local fire and safety problems and concern is the objective of ______.

Identification

What are some examples of major local fire and safety problems and concerns?

What are the major fire and burn hazards?

Where are the high risk locations?

When are the high risk times?

Who are the high risk victims?

What is the high risk behavior?

What 2 kinds of national databases are potentially useful in planning local public fire and life safety education programs?

National Fire Database

National Injury Data Sources

What are 3 main sources of information about fires in the United States?

Annual NFPA Survey of Fire Departments

The National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) of FEMA/USFA

Fire Incident Data Organization (FIDO) by NFPA

Each year roughly ___ U.S. Fire departments participate in the annual NFPA survey. This survey has been conducted since _____.

3,000

1977

By ____ more than 13,000 fire departments in ___ states participated in gathering information about more than 970,000 fire incidents.

1987

41

In 1974 the report of the National Commission of Fire Prevention and Control a book called ____ provided a fresh and very dramatic look at the U.S. fire problem

America Burning

In 1985 a book just like America Burning was called ____ called national attention to injury as a national problem.

Injury in America

Ever since 1964 the _____ has functioned as a voluntary registry of specialized burn care facilities. This database includes medical records of almost 99,000 burn patients from 130 hospitals. New records are submitted at the rate of about 6,000 per year.

National Burn Information Exchange (NBIE)

NBIE has what four objectives?

Establish standards for the burned patient's care

To provide information for the improvement of the burned patient's care

To further develop the expertise of the NBIE membership

To provide etiological (injury cause) information for the prevention of severe burns

____ is a legal status that the U.S. Internal Revenue Service may give to an organization after the IRA has reviewed a written application.

Nonprofit

Nonprofit, tax exempt organizations are sometimes called __.

501 (c) 3

In kind contributions do not involve gifts of money; in kind contributions are gifts of___, ____, or ____.

Service

Time

Products

The term grantmanship is used so often that it may seem as though preparing a proposal is a very difficult chore. A ___ is simply a document that describes what accomplishments the applicant promises to achieve in return for the investment of the sponsor's funds.

Prospal

What are the 3 basic components of curriculum development?

Analysis

Design

Evaluation

A ____ is defined as a sequence of presentations on fire and life safety education.

Curriculum

A ___ is defined as a guide for making a presentation.

Lesson Plan

A____ is defined as a comprehensive strategy that addresses fire and life safety issues via educational means.

Program

A ___ is defined as a single delivery of fire and life safety information and is also called a lesson.

Presentation

________ are sometimes called instructional objectives, behavioral objectives, or learning objectives.

Educational objectives

A _____ is a simple step by step guide for presenting a lesson, it guides how the students and educator spend their class time, it is not a document that dictates what must happen during each class minute, and a good one has some built in flexibility.

Lesson plan