English AA

intro format :

Australian identity has become an increasingly contested issue, particularly within discussions surrounding ____. (Author, author role) responds through (Form)  titled “(Title)” (source, Date). Writing for a (target audience) THAT VALUES.., (Author last name) adopts a/an (tone) TO ARGUE THAT (contention). Through (argument 1 method), (argument 2 method), (argument 3 method), author seeks to (intended purpose)

THINGS TEACHERS LIKE :

• having done XYZ, RATHER THAN ___

• e.g. can talk about using a more informal tone rather than formal in order to level/connect with the reader (writer is more approachable, make the writer seem as if talking DIRECTLY to reader).

bp 1 format :

• From the outset, (AUTHOR) seeks to (argument 1, support of the contention).

bp 1, final sentence (WHY THE AUTHOR DECIDED TO START OFF WITH THIS)

reasons

• to establish need for change (GIVE A PROBLEM) before proposing change (creates a sense of URGENCY, makes more DESPERATE for solution)

• to engage readers emotionally (Makes readers feel sympathetic, likely to care about what author has to say next)

• to establish credibility (reduces skepticism, makes reader feel safe and validated)

• a rebuttal : to create a dichotomy (to make opposition believe in what author is trying to support)

techniques

minor :

• inclusive language (our, us, we)

• exclusive language (them, they, etc)

MAJOR

• language (colloquial/informal, formal, aggressive, inclusive)

• juxtaposition

• dichotomy

• anecdotal framing

• tonal shifts

• appeals (logical/emotional/credible)

• future focused

• SHORT SENTENCES, BIGGER IMPACT

phrases for HOW an author does smt (emotion + imagery) , employs:

• (author) employs a (specifc tone) to…

• (author) utilizes (specific technique)..

• (author) draws upon (type of emotion + imagery)

• (author) incorporates (type of emotion + ANECDOTE)

phrases for HOW an author does smt (logic + strategy credibility), constructs

• (author) constructs a dichotomy between… (Us vs Them, Good vs Bad, implicitly pressures readers to align with authors side)

• (author) utilizes a stark juxtaposition between… (putting two opposites side by side, magnifies emotions. makes readers appreciate smt)

• (author) primes the reader… (preparing them to feel a certain way)

words to use for the WHY (logic) - explain the target, in order to present

• in order to present…

• designed to appeal to those in his/her readership…

• designed to engender…

words to use for the WHY (emotion) - describe the emotional manipulation, pupose os ps readers to feel

• "Purpose of positioning readers to feel…"

• "Evoke a sense (what sense) in his readers that …"

• "Readers are implored to consider/feel…"

words to use for why (THE ACTION) - end result, what author wnats reader to believe, __ designed to galvanize readers into

• "____ is designed to galvanize readers into…"

• "Readers are IMPLICITLY positioned to..."

remember, implicit = hidden, not direct, only can use for techniques like : inclusive language, rhetorical question, juxtaposition, dichotomy

explicit = not hidden, direct

BP2 format

After/Having established (whatever was said in BP1) to readers, (author) shifts to/distances from this to direct readers to…

• i.e. show how the author distances from what was said in bp1, and what he is GOING to do.

when moving onto another idea in the same paragraph :

• “When read in combination with…

• “When read in conjunction with”..

• “Working strategically in conjunction with…”

connotations

• dont just say negative/positive connotations, also use emotion words (e.g. disappointment)

• “connotations of ____ , purposefully invite the reader to…'“

• NOMINALISE : -ment,-ing,-ness,-ion,-ity,-ism.

words to use (ly) words and to

• strategicALLY

• deliberaTELY

• chooses to

• opts to

• designed to

Other words for “shift” ? (5)

• Moves

• modulates

• progresses

• focus

• adopts

“POSITIONING” Synonyms : (6)

• Positioning

• Encouraging

• Influencing

• Directing

• Guiding

• prompting

BP3 format

• (authour) intensifies his argument by ____

• In a (tone), (author) elects to ___ - (doing something on purpose to manipulate reader)

• “In a strategic approach to her conclusion….”

conclusion format

• STRATEGICALLY APPROACHING HIS/HER CONCLUSION BY…, (AUTHOR NAME) ENCAPSUALTES (WHOLE PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE)

where to find contention

where :

• background info

• title

• intro

• final paragraph

values of conservatives

• presevation of traditions (thing were better in the past)

• indidual liberty (freedom)

• social cohesion (everyone follows same rules)

• change is a threat to unity, causes division

values of progressives

• multicultrualism is fundamental

• values change so everyone feels included, views change as an enrichment

• immigration is good, adds to community + economy.

• gaol : social INCLUSION (everyone feeling at home)

contention guiding questions :

• includes what the writer believes

• what do they want readers to think/do

• state as a BIGGER idea for the group (not js the authors complaints)

• "[Author] asserts that [Small Problem] is a symptom of a [Big National Issue], ultimately arguing that [Big Vision for the Future]."

arguments guiding questions

• support, condemn, solution

• THE PROBLEM, THE ATTACK (who is the villan) ,THE SOLUTION (what is the dream)

• think about the opposites (support is the opposite of what they condemn)

conservative focused tones (negative)

• condemnatory

• dismissive + cynical (distrust + disbelief)

• critical

• disapproving

progressive focused tones (psotive)

• optimistic

• hopeful

• empathetic

• compassionate

• passionate

credible tones

• authorative

• reasonable

• balanced

• logical

national identity (conservative) tones ;

• nostalgic

• respectful

• reverent

• passionate.

a word on quotes

• dont quote the actual ISSUE

• look for YAY BOO quotes (language that makes you REACT)

• Words that are making you REACT (APPROVING, CRITICAL, CONSIDER, WORRIED