APUSH Period 3 (Chapters 6,7, and 8)

Thomas Jefferson

President for 1800-1808. Reduced government power, expanded the US westward, advocated for religious freedom, and founded the University of Virginia

Louisiana Purchase

France sold territory west of the Mississippi to the US for $15 Million. Doubled the size of the US and made an agrarian society.

Lewis + Clark Expedition

Exploration west started in St. Louis (1804), reached Oregon, and returned (1806)

John Marshall

Federalist judge who caused Jefferson the most grief (also his cousin). Became chief justice

Judicial Review

Supreme Court can determine laws unconstitutional

Marbury v Madison

Landmark case that established judicial review

Aaron Burr

VP of Jefferson’s first term, threatened to break up the Union, and killed Hamilton in a duel

Barbary Pirates

Stole from the US merchant ships which resulted in a war with the US Navy (1801-1805). US won respect

Impressment

The forcing of people into a military force (Britain impressed US sailors)

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

British warship “Leopard” attacked US warship “Chesapeake” but didn’t spark a war

Embargo Act (1807)

Prohibited American ships from trading with foreign nations

Tecumseh

Shawnee chief who united natives against Americans

War Hawks

Wanted to join the War of 1812 for pride/patriotism and for Canada

Henry Clay

Created the American System (with the first protective tax). Also a war hawk leader

John C Calhoun

War hawk from South Carolina

War of 1812

Between Britain and America because they kept violating America’s neutral rights

Francis Scott Key

Wrote the Star-Spangled Banner at For McHenry

Andrew Jackson

Led American troops to victory at the Battle of New Orleans

Battle of New Orleans

Britain failed to take the Mississippi River (Andrew Jackson won)

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

Ended War of 1813 and reset everything from before the war (no one won)

Harford Convention (1814)

Meeting of New England federalists who dared to secede from the union (federalist party declined and came to an end)

Era of Good Feelings

Feelings of nationalism, unity, and optimism were misleading because bigger issues remained (national bank, internal improvements, public land sales, and slavery)

James Monroe

Fought in Revolutionary War and in Valley Forge. President from Virginia. Actions: acquired Florida, passed Missouri Compromise, and adopted the Monroe Doctrine

Tariff of 1816

Raised import tax to prevent competition (1st protective tax). Needed for prosperity

Henry Clay (American System)

Plan to advance economic growth (1. Protective tariffs, 2. National Bank, 3. Internal improvements)

2nd Bank of the US

Part of the American system but tightened credit when trying to control inflation

Panic of 1819

First major economic panic since the constitution (state banks closed, debtors were imprisoned, and foreclosed on a lot of western farmland)

McCulloch v Maryland

Congress has the power to create a national bank and states cannot tax federal institutions (strengthened federal authority over states)

Dartmouth College v Woodward

A state cannot change a private charter (protects private businesses/contracts from government interference)

Gibbons v Ogden

Only federal government can regulate interstate commerce (strengthened power over state economies)

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Missouri enters (slave state) and Maine enters (free state). Slavery is banned above latitude 36 30 to create balance (slave-free states)

Florida Purchase Treaty (1819)

(A.K.A. Adams-Onis Treaty) US got Florida from Spain, gave up Texas, and assumed $5 Million in American claims against Spain

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Said the US was closed to European colonization and interference in the western hemisphere would be viewed as a threat. US promised not to interfere in European affairs

National Cumberland Road

Highway from Maryland to Illinois

Erie Canal

(1825) in NY, linked west/east farm economics

Robert Fulton

Sent Clermont (steamboat) on the first successful voyage up the Hudson River

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin + interchangeable parts

Lowell System

Textile mill in Lowell, Massachusetts was the first to hire young farm women and house them