AP CSP Unit 1 and Unit 2 Vocab

Innovation

A novel or improved idea, device, product, etc, or the development thereof.

Binary

A way of representing information using only two options.

Bit

A contraction of "Binary Digit". A bit is the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1.

Bandwidth

Transmission capacity measure by bit rate

Bit rate

(sometimes written bitrate) the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. e.g. 8 bits/sec.

Latency

Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver.

Protocol

A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

ASCII

ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII is the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand.

code

(v) to write code, or to write instructions for a computer.

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force - develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards and protocols, in particular the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP).

Internet

A group of computers and servers that are connected to each other.

Net Neutrality

the principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers.

IP Address

A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.

Packets

Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information.

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol - provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and usually seen as TCP/IP in writing

DNS

The service that translates URLs to IP addresses.

HTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet

URL

An easy-to-remember address for calling a web page (like www.code.org)

Heuristic

a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible

Lossless Compression

a data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.

Image

A type of data used for graphics or pictures

Metadata

data that describes other data

Pixel

Short for "picture element" it is the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image.

Hexadecimal

A base-16 number system that uses sixteen distinct symbols 0-9 and A-F to represent numbers from 0 to 15.

RGB

the RGB color model uses varying intensities of (R)ed, (G)reen, and (B)lue light are added together in to reproduce a broad array of colors.

Lossy Compression

(or irreversible compression) a data compression method that uses inexact approximations, discarding some data to represent the content. Most commonly seen in image formats like .jpg.