unit 7 - Century Perspectives and Political Developments

Crimean War

• 1853-1856

• fought between France, Russia, Britain, & Ottoman Empire

• most violent European war for a century

American Civil War

Triple Entente

• alliance in response to the Triple Alliance

• Russia, France, & Britain

Darwinism

Natural Selection

The idea that species evolve in certain ways due to natural selection; survival of the fittest.

Social Darwinism

Philosophy that certain ethnic races and economic classes of people are better/worse than others. This justified racism and intensified classism.

Eugenics

Cultural Hegemony

Diplomacy

Boxer Rebellion

Modern Art

• art style

• emerged late 19th century, more prominent in 20th

• striking colors, abstract

Impressionism

• modern art style

• focuses on colors & light in paintings

Determinism

Balkan Wars

• Ottoman Empire = dissolving

• first Balkan War was because of the fight for independence of the territories of the Ottoman Empire

• in the end, Bulgaria lost territory

• nationalist feelings emerged, dangerous

Racialism

• idea that certain races are better than others

• likely stemmed from slavery too

• a big factor in eugenics

Antisemitism

• = racism against jews

• the ideal behind things like pogroms (brutal attacks in Russia sanctioned by the government) and the Holocaust

Zionism

The belief that Jewish people should have their own nation. From this belief emerged Israel.

Triple Alliance

• alliance 1882-1915

• Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

• provide support to each other if attacked

Congress of Berlin

• Romania, Serbia, & Montenegro became independent

• Austria-Hungary took over Bosnia & Herzegovina

• increased tensions between Austria-Hungary & Russia

Charles Darwin

• English naturalist, 19th centurg

• author of “On the Origin of Species”

• creator of Darwinism