Education Exam 2 Study Guide

Flashcards covering teacher development stages, special education law, UDL principles, educational governance, finance, and student rights based on the Exam 2 Study Guide.

Survival Stage

The phase where beginning teachers focus on classroom management, lesson planning, organization, and developing confidence.

Renewal Stage

The phase where experienced teachers reflect on teaching, seek new instructional strategies, and incorporate research-based practices.

IDEA

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which guarantees students with disabilities a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE).

FAPE

Free Appropriate Public Education.

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

A document that outlines goals, accommodations, services, and progress monitoring for eligible students with disabilities.

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

The requirement that students with disabilities be educated with their nondisabled peers whenever appropriate.

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

A framework that proactively designs instruction to meet the needs of all learners through multiple means of representation, action, expression, and engagement.

Multiple Means of Representation

A UDL principle that involves presenting information in multiple ways such as text, visuals, audio, and demonstrations.

Multiple Means of Action and Expression

A UDL principle that allows students different ways to demonstrate learning, such as projects, presentations, or writing.

Multiple Means of Engagement

A UDL principle aimed at increasing motivation through student choice, relevance, and appropriate challenge.

Section 504

A law that prohibits disability discrimination in federally funded programs and provides accommodations for students who may not qualify for IDEA.

FERPA

Federal law that protects the privacy of student educational records and gives parents/students the right to inspect records.

Title IX

Federal law that prohibits sex-based discrimination in educational programs receiving federal funding, including athletics and academics.

U.S. Department of Education

A federal entity that provides funding and broad policy guidance but does not directly operate local schools.

State Boards of Education

Bodies that establish educational standards and statewide policies.

Local School Boards

Elected bodies that adopt district policies, approve budgets, hire the superintendent, and represent community interests.

Superintendent

The individual who oversees district operations and implements board policies.

Local property taxes

The primary source of funding for most school districts.

San Antonio ISD v. Rodriguez ($1973$)

A Supreme Court case that ruled wealth-based funding disparities did not violate the U.S. Constitution.

Serrano v. Priest

A California case ruling that funding disparities based on local property wealth violated equal protection under the state's Constitution.

Charter Schools

Public schools operating under performance contracts that offer greater flexibility with increased accountability.

Magnet Schools

Specialized schools designed around specific themes such as STEM, performing arts, or international studies.

Open Enrollment

A policy allowing students to attend public schools outside their assigned attendance zones.

School Vouchers

Public funds provided to families to help pay tuition at participating private schools.

Full-Service Community Schools

Schools that integrate academics with health care, counseling, and family support to address barriers to learning.

Standards-based education

An approach that aligns assessments with clearly defined learning standards.

Due Process

A student's right to notice of charges, an opportunity to respond, a fair hearing, and an impartial decision-maker before suspension.

Reasonable Suspicion

The legal standard required for school officials to search students in scope of school rules or law violations.

Mandated Reporters

The legal obligation of teachers to report suspected child abuse or neglect to designated authorities.

Differentiation

Adjusting instruction based on students' readiness, interests, and learning needs using strategies like flexible grouping.

Professional Learning Communities (PLCs)

Collaborative teams of teachers focused on improving student learning through data analysis and shared best practices.

Culturally responsive instruction

Teaching that values and incorporates students' languages, backgrounds, and experiences.

School Climate

The quality of school life that promotes safety, belonging, respect, and inclusion.