Unit 1

What is the primary focus of Unit 1 in AP Statistics?

Exploring one variable data.

What are the two primary types of data in statistics?

Categorical data and quantitative data.

What is a statistic?

Summary information learned from sample data.

What is a parameter?

Information learned from an entire population.

How can you remember the difference between statistic and parameter?

Statistics start with 'S' for sample; parameters start with 'P' for population.

What is a categorical variable?

A variable that takes on values that are category names or group labels.

Give an example of a quantitative variable.

Weight of a frog or number of candies in a bag.

What is a frequency table?

A table that lists the categories and counts how many data points fall into each category.

What is relative frequency?

The proportion of total observations that fall into a particular category.

What are the two types of quantitative variables?

Discrete and continuous variables.

What is a discrete variable?

A variable that takes on countable values.

What is a continuous variable?

A variable that can take on any value within an interval, typically measured.

What is the distinction between a histogram and a bar graph?

A histogram represents frequencies of numerical data, while a bar graph represents categorical data.

What is a cumulative graph?

A graph that shows the cumulative frequency of values in a dataset.

What is the IQR?

Interquartile Range, the range of the middle fifty percent of the data.

Define outliers in statistics.

Values that are significantly higher or lower than the rest of the data points.

What does the standard deviation represent?

How far the majority of data points are from the mean.

What is a density curve?

A curve that models a set of data to give insights into population characteristics.

What is the empirical rule?

A rule stating that for a normal distribution, 68% of data falls within 1 standard deviation, 95% within 2, and 99.7% within 3 standard deviations.

What is a Z-score?

A standardized score that indicates how many standard deviations an element is from the mean.