Unit 3: Interwar Years

Flashcards for vocabulary review

War Measures Act

Gave the government extra powers in times of war, invasion, insurrection, or apprehended fear.

Honour Rationing

Asked people to limit butter and sugar consumption during the war.

Victory Bonds

Were introduced to help cover the cost of war, with citizens lending money to the government.

Income Tax

Was introduced in 1917 to increase government revenue.

Conscription

Forced military service to replace casualties in the war, also called the draft.

The Wartime Elections Act (1917)

Granted the Federal vote to the mothers, sisters, and wives of soldiers in the Armed Forces.

Office of the Chief Press Censor

Established in June 1915 to ensure stories critical of military policy did not appear in the press.

Woodrow Wilson

President of the USA, wrote the Fourteen Points in 1918.

Internationalism

The concept of putting aside one’s nationalistic sentiments with the goal of being able to work together with other countries

Self Determination

The policy of allowing ethnic groups to create their own countries based on ethnic nationalism

War Guilt Clause

Germany alone must accept responsibility for starting the war.

League of Nations

A general association of nations for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

Collective Security

An attack on one country is viewed as an attack on all countries.

Arbitration before Action

Seek a third party ruling on disputes.

Collective Security

Enforce economic sanctions on a country attacking a league member to force surrender from lack of supplies.

October Revolution

Violent overthrow of existing government by Bolsheviks (Leader: Lenin) in 1917.

communism

Seize the means of production for collective ownership, instead of individual wealth accumulation.

Red Scare

Massive fear of Communism across North America.

Trade Unions

Workers began to form these to gain improved housing, job training, & higher pay.

Trade unions

Allow workers to organize and present a united front, limiting the illusion of worker-vs-worker conflict.

Strike

A tool used by unions in the bargaining process, where workers refuse to go to work until changes are made.

Cooperative Commonwealth Federation

Pro-worker political party, established in 1932, later became the New Democratic Party (NDP) in 1961.

Laissez Faire

Means “let do”, “let it be”, “let it happen”, “don’t get involved”.

Revenue

Money taken in by the government; taxes, custom duties, etc.

Expenditure

Any money spent by the government.

Budget

All revenue is totalled & plan for the year's spending is announced.

Balanced Budget

A budget where revenue and expenditures are equal.

Deficit

Budget shows more expenditure than revenue; the difference between that spending and receiving; total money borrowed for the year.

Currency

Actual money used in a country.

Business Cycle

There is a natural, expected pattern that the economy will dip every five to six years.

Depression

A deep, prolonged recession.

Overproduction

Expanded industries reinvested profits to build and improve factories.

Protectionism

Protecting home industry from competition of foreign goods through tariffs.

Buying on margin

Using borrowed money to invest

Speculation

Making intentionally short-term investments to capitalize on low prices and expected increases

Insider Trading

Buying or selling stocks based on inside knowledge of future events.

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed.

The Pogey

Government provided vouchers for essential goods and food during the Great Depression.

Keynesian Economics

Proposed by Keynes that replaced cost-cutting with spending money to create employment, putting money back into communities.

Deficit Financing

Governments to borrow money and spend it on valuable employment projects modernizing infrastructure.

War Measures Act

Gave the government extra powers in times of war, invasion, insurrection, or apprehended fear.

Honour Rationing

Asked people to limit butter and sugar consumption during the war.

Victory Bonds

Were introduced to help cover the cost of war, with citizens lending money to the government.

Income Tax

Was introduced in 1917 to increase government revenue.

Conscription

Forced military service to replace casualties in the war, also called the draft.

The Wartime Elections Act (1917)

Granted the Federal vote to the mothers, sisters, and wives of soldiers in the Armed Forces.

Office of the Chief Press Censor

Established in June 1915 to ensure stories critical of military policy did not appear in the press.

Woodrow Wilson

President of the USA, wrote the Fourteen Points in 1918.

Internationalism

The concept of putting aside one’s nationalistic sentiments with the goal of being able to work together with other countries

Self Determination

The policy of allowing ethnic groups to create their own countries based on ethnic nationalism

War Guilt Clause

Germany alone must accept responsibility for starting the war.

League of Nations

A general association of nations for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

Collective Security

An attack on one country is viewed as an attack on all countries.

Arbitration before Action

Seek a third party ruling on disputes.

Collective Security

Enforce economic sanctions on a country attacking a league member to force surrender from lack of supplies.

October Revolution

Violent overthrow of existing government by Bolsheviks (Leader: Lenin) in 1917.

Communism Ideology

Seize the means of production for collective ownership, instead of individual wealth accumulation.

Red Scare

Massive fear of Communism across North America.

Trade Unions

Workers began to form these to gain improved housing, job training, & higher pay.

Trade unions

Allow workers to organize and present a united front, limiting the illusion of worker-vs-worker conflict.

Strike

A tool used by unions in the bargaining process, where workers refuse to go to work until changes are made.

Cooperative Commonwealth Federation

Pro-worker political party, established in 1932, later became the New Democratic Party (NDP) in 1961.

Laissez Faire

Means “let do”, “let it be”, “let it happen”, “don’t get involved”.

Revenue

Money taken in by the government; taxes, custom duties, etc.

Expenditure

Any money spent by the government.

Budget

All revenue is totalled & plan for the year's spending is announced.

Balanced Budget

A budget where revenue and expenditures are equal.

Deficit

Budget shows more expenditure than revenue; the difference between that spending and receiving; total money borrowed for the year.

Currency

Actual money used in a country.

Business Cycle

There is a natural, expected pattern that the economy will dip every five to six years.

Depression

A deep, prolonged recession.

Overproduction

Expanded industries reinvested profits to build and improve factories.

Protectionism

Protecting home industry from competition of foreign goods through tariffs.

Buying on margin

Using borrowed money to invest

Speculation

Making intentionally short-term investments to capitalize on low prices and expected increases

Insider Trading

Buying or selling stocks based on inside knowledge of future events.

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed.

The Pogey

Government provided vouchers for essential goods and food during the Great Depression.

Keynesian Economics

Proposed by Keynes that replaced cost-cutting with spending money to create employment, putting money back into communities.

Deficit Financing

Governments to borrow money and spend it on valuable employment projects modernizing infrastructure.

Roaring 20s

A period of economic prosperity and cultural change in the 1920s.

Causes of the Great Depression

Overproduction, protectionism, buying on margin, speculation, and the stock market crash of 1929.

Consequences/Aftermath of the Great Depression

High unemployment, poverty, and social unrest.

Canadian Independence: Stepping Stones

Key events and their significance in Canada's path to independence from Britain.

Why the League of Nations Failed

Lack of enforcement power, absence of key nations, and the rise of aggressive nationalism.

Founder of the League of Nations

Though it was initially his idea, the US never ended up joining, so it did not have one singular founder.

Winnipeg General Strike

A large-scale labor strike in 1919 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, reflecting widespread social and economic tensions.

Collective Bargaining

Negotiations between employers and employees to determine terms of employment.