American National Government: Exam 3 Study Guide

Flashcards for American National Government Exam 3 Study Guide

NY Times v. US

Case involving freedom of the press and national security.

Oregon v. Smith

Case concerning religious freedom and drug use.

Unenumerated Rights

Rights not specifically listed in the Constitution.

9th Amendment

Addresses that the enumeration of specific rights does not deny or disparage other rights retained by the people.

14th Amendment

Deals with citizenship rights and equal protection under the law.

Due Process Clause

Part of the 14th Amendment prohibiting states from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.

Roe v. Wade

Supreme Court case establishing a woman's right to an abortion.

Trimester Test

Framework established in Roe v. Wade, dividing pregnancy into three trimesters with differing state interests.

Planned Parenthood v. Casey

Supreme Court case that affirmed Roe v. Wade but introduced the undue burden standard.

Undue Burden Test

Standard established in Planned Parenthood v. Casey to determine the validity of abortion restrictions.

Dobbs v. Jackson

Supreme Court case that overturned Roe v. Wade.

14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause

Guarantees equal protection of the laws to all citizens.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Separate but Equal

Legal doctrine that segregation is constitutional as long as the facilities are equal in quality.

Harlan’s Dissent in Plessy

Justice Harlan's argument against segregation, advocating for a colorblind Constitution.

Brown v. Board of Education

Ruled that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.

Tangible vs. Intangible

Distinction made in Brown v. Board, referring to factors beyond physical facilities that contribute to inequality.

UC v. Bakke

Addressed affirmative action in college admissions.

Benign vs. Invidious Discrimination

Refers to discrimination intended to help vs. harm a group.

Affirmative Action

Policies designed to address past and present discrimination.

Quota System

Setting specific numbers or percentages for minority admissions or hiring.

Plus System

Giving an advantage to minority applicants without setting quotas.

Economic Freedom

The ability of individuals to make their own economic decisions without undue government interference.

Eminent Domain

The right of the government to take private property for public use, with compensation.

Tocqueville, Soft Despotism

Tocqueville's concept of a mild form of tyranny in democratic societies.