1960s-1970s

1968 election

LBJ(D) made a surprise announcement on TV that he wasn't going to run for another term

Hubert Humphrey (D)

a democrat, LBJ Vice president, had a moderate position on Vietnam, and he was favored by the democratic party

Eugene McCarthy(D)

Minnesota senator, strong anti-war position, and favored by Hippies

Robert F. Kennedy(D)

New York senator, JFK youngest brother, had a peace plan for the war, and supported by working class; he won the Cali. primary, but was assassinated

Democratic Convention (Chicago)

held in Chicago; Humphrey won the nomination over McCarthy and the Hippies began to riot

George Wallace (Independent 3rd party)

Alabama governor who wanted to win in Vietnam and he favored segregation

Richard M. Nixon (R)

retired from politics in 1962, and returned and promised a secret plan in Vietnam. His slogan that year was "bring us together"; he narrowly defeated Humphrey

Richard M. Nixon background and personality

He was a congressman and senator, and also VP. He was intelligent, complex, experienced, resourceful, and paranoid.

problems

1) obsessed with his image

2) did not get along with the press

3)had many political enemies

silent majority

these were the non-protesters and working class people who Nixon reached out to, to help him unite the country

civil rights

Nixon was the first president to enforce Brown v. Board and ordered full integration of public schools

main goal

fighting a war on crime

Apollo 11

July 20, 1969, moon mission was completed

Neil Armstrong

first to walk on the moon

Vietnam (1969)

540,000 troops from LBJ

Vietnaminization

gradual removal of U.S. troops from Vietnam and preparing South Vietnam to take over the fighting. we removed about 100,000 troops a year, but Nixon ordered random bombings of North Vietnam

Foreign Policy

"detente" (ease up/relax conflict); policy of relaxing tensions with communists nations by holding friendly meetings and discussions. Nixon was the 1st president to ever visit China and first since WWII to visit the Soviet Union

S.A.L.T

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks/Treaty; U.S. and Soviet Union agreed to cut back on producing atomic/nuclear weapons

E.P.A

Environmental Protection Agency; Gov. agency that fights pollution and educates about the environment

E.R.A

Equal Rights Amendment; established to eliminate gender discrimination

Shirley Chisholm

First African American woman in congress, from New York and was outspoken/advocate for the E.R.A

1st term

was successful overall, but scandal will lead to his downfall in his 2nd term

March on Washington (Aug. 1963)

MLK and other civil rights leaders led a peaceful protest for freedom and jobs. 250,000 people marched at the Lincoln Memorial. It led to the passage of the civil rights act on 1964

Malcolm X

leader of the Nation of Islam who spoke out for black nationalism. He took an aggressive approach to Civil Rights

Stokely Carmichael

civil rights activist who began the “black power movement”

“Black Power Movement”

political and social movement of the 1960s-1970s that wanted African Americans to have racial pride and embrace their culture

Black Panthers

militant protest group that stressed black power, and wanted unity and self defense for African American

Thurgood Marshall

Appointed by LBJ as first African American on the supreme court

Dr. MLK Jr.

continues to preach non-violence despite the changes in the civil rights movement

April 4, 1968

MLK assassination which was the day after he gave a speech to striking workers

Tet offensive (Jan. 1968)

North Vietnam and Vietcong launched a surprise attack on U.S. bases and many cities in South Vietnam

results

1) It was a holiday and the U.S. was caught off guard

2) U.S. fought off the attack but realized that the war wouldn’t end soon

3) Media courage in the U.S. caused the protest to get worse

My Lai Massacre(March 1968)

The U.S. raided a village in Vietnam thinking the Vietcong was there

results

1) the people in the attack were not vietcong

2) 500 civilians were killed

3) news was kept as a secret for a while, but opposition grew when people in U.S. found out

Agent Orange + Napalm

chemicals used by the U.S. to destroy trees that were used as bombs to kill innocent people

Invasion of Cambodia (1970)

Nixon ordered an attack on neutral Cambodia because it was being used by North Vietnam for bases and supplies

result

U.S. achieved its goals but protesters were outraged at home in the U.S.

Jan. 1973

Ceasefire between the U.S. and North Vietnam, but North and South continue to fight

Kent State University (Ohio)

A protest over Cambodia got out of hand, so Nixon sent the national guard. the gaurd fired into the crowd and killed 4 students

war powers act

passed by congress to limit the presidents power during war. the president can’t send troops for more than 60 days unless approved by congress the president must give 48 hours notice before sending military into action

april 1975

North Vietnam defeated Saigon, the capital of the South and took over

results

U.S. didn’t achieve its goal, U.S. lost about 58,000+ troops, Nixon ended the draft, the 26th amendment gets passed; toward the voting age from 21 to 18

1972 election

George McGovern (D) was defeated by Nixon by a landslide

C.R.P (creep)

committee to reelect the president, they ordered a break in of the democratic headquarters in Washingtons watergate building. the burglars bugged the phones and took documents

John Mitchel

Nixon’s attorney general who approved the plan

Nixon

found out and ordered a coverup of the crime

1 year later

info. about the break in leaks to the news

impeachment hearing charges

obstruction of justice, abuse of presidential power, and contempt of congress

Aug. 1974

Nixon became the first and only president to resign

Gerald R. Ford

Vice President who became presidents