2.1 apworld

What is topic 2.1 about?

The silk roads (networks of exchange)

What is the objective of topic 2.1?

Explain the causes' and effects' of growth within the network of exchange.

What is the time frame for Unit 2?

1200 - 1450

What is the location of the Silk Road?

Central & East Asia

What is the location of the Mongol Empire?

Asian Steppes

Define the Silk Road.

Definition: A large trade network that connected Afro-Eurasia. It was shut down then was revived by the 8th and 9th century when trade picked up.

What is the significance of the Silk Road.

This route led to increase in trade, new technology, and religion being diffused.

Define the Mongolian Empire.

The Mongolian Empire conquered the Abbasids and most of China after the second golden age of the Silk Road (which had a large trade between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Tang Dynasty). It is an empire in East Asia that secured area in Asia, TME, and Eastern Europe by the 1300s. The mongols fully controlled the Silk Road and reinforced order.

What is the significance of the Mongolian Empire.

They increased trade on the Silk Road which created numerous benefits.

What are the 3 key points when dealing with improvements in technology?

• Transportation improvements aid in growth of trade networks

• China makes naval advances to improve sea level

• Junk ship developed (similar to Southwest Asia dhow????)

What is the first key point when dealing with improvements in Transportation Technology? And explain the key point.

• Transportation improvements aid in growth of trade networks.

1. This allowed caravan travel to become common —> this helped carry more goods (camel saddles helped carry large amounts) and was seen as safer against bandit attacks.

What is the second key point when dealing with improvements in Transportation Technology? And explain the key point.

• China makes naval advances to improve sea level

1. Han Dynasty China developed the magnetic compass + improved the rudder. this helped improve ship navigation and ship control.

What is the third key point when dealing with improvements in Transportation Technology? And explain the key point.

• Junk ship developed

1. Multiple sails that are 400 ft long —> this was triple the size of European ships at this time.

2. Hill divided into compartments —> this strengthened the ship for rougher seas and reduced the chances of sinking.

What are the 3 key points of commercial innovation?

• European interest in luxury goods increased.

• Commercial alliances emerge to organize trade.

• Production expanded in areas were demand for luxury goods was high.

What is the first key point of commercial innovation? And explain the key point.

• European interest in luxury goods increased.

1. Needed goods to sell to buy Asian goods.

What is the second key point of commercial innovation? And explain the key point.

• Commercial alliances emerge to organize trade.

1. Hanseatic League formed by cities in northern Germany and Scandinavia

2. Controlled trade in North Sea and Baltic Sea (drive out pirates and monopolize trade)

3. Traded goods like timber, grain, leather, and salted fish

4. League ships make regular voyages to Western European Atlantic coast to the Mediterranean (trade with Arab caravans at end of Silk Road for goods).

5. Hanseatic League eventually replaced by strong central gov.s in Europe (the gov.s protect trade and financially support new international trading companies)

What is the third key point of commercial innovation? And explain the key point.

• Production expanded in areas were demand for luxury goods was high.

1. Artisans expand production of silk, textiles, porcelain etc....which helped meet new demands and profits.

2. Fueled Chinese proto-industrialization and innovation.

How long did the Hanseatic League last for?

Until the mid 1600s

Which cities were major members of the Hanseatic League?

Lubeck, Hamburg and Riga

The Tang Dynasty China helps revive trade along the Silk Roads during what years? (Intro)

Year 700-800

What did reviving the Silk Road in the year 700-800 lead to? (Intro)

• Demand for an increase in luxury goods within Europe and Africa

• Trade between regions became essential (Middle East, Asia, Africa, Europe)

• caravans became a practical and safer way for transportation

• China develops a money system to help manage trade

• New commercial practices help global land-based trade to flourish

What are some examples of goods that were traded during this time period? Where did they originate from?

Silk, porcelain, and textiles They originated in China, Persia and India

Who signified the first golden age of the Silk Roads?

Han Dynasty China and the Roman Empire (both eventually collapse and bring an end to the first golden age).

WHO signified the second golden age of the Silk Roads?

Abbasids and Tang Dynasty China

What technology did Tang Dynasty China use in the second golden age?

Compass, paper, gunpowder

What were Tang Dynasty's exports during the second golden age?

Porcelain, tea, silk and other luxury goods

What were Tang Dynasty's imports during the second golden age?

Cotton, jewels, pomegranates, dates, horses, grapes, etc

After the second golden age who emerges to secure territory in Asia, Middle East, and Eastern Europe by the 1300s?

Mongolian Empire

What did the emergence of the Mongolian Empire mean for the Silk Roads?

• New trade relationships established

• Unified system of laws, and defenses

• Improved roads

• Punished bandits

• Built infrastructure

What major event initially fueled inter regional trade?

The crusades

What two things developed along the Silk Roads which increased trade stops?

Cities and Oasis

What are the benefits of cities and oasis'?

The Silk Road has parts of it that passes thru inhospitable terrains so having a place to stop is essential.

What is an Oasis?

A city located near bodies of water, usually a river.

What two important cities emerged along the Silk Road and what rivers were they near?

Kashgar located on kashgar river Samarkand located near Zeravshan river

Explain the relevance of the city of Kashgar?

• Located on western border of China which made it a crossroad in Central Asia

• Had farmlands for wheat, rice, fruits, and cotton

• artisans produced textiles, rugs, leather goods, and pottery which were sold in markets

• The most practice religion was Buddhism but later became Islam

Explain the relevance of the city of Samarkand.

• Similar stopping point to Kashgar just further west

• A hotzone for trading goods and culture multiple religions present)

• known for artisan craftsman, centers of Islam practice and mosques