Test 1-Bio

Natural Selection

A process where individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Sources of Genetic Variation

Factors that contribute to genetic diversity: mutations, gene flow, genetic drift, and sexual reproduction.

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

A principle stating allele and genotype frequencies remain constant in a population absent evolutionary influences.

Genetic Drift

Random changes in allele frequencies, more pronounced in small populations.

Types of Selection

Three forms of selection: directional, disruptive, and stabilizing.

Speciation

The process by which new species arise.

Prezygotic Isolation

Mechanisms preventing mating or fertilization before the zygote forms.

Allopatric Speciation

Speciation that occurs due to geographical separation.

Macroevolution

Large-scale evolutionary changes that occur over geological time.

Endosymbiont Theory

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living bacteria.

Adaptive Radiation

Rapid diversification of species to occupy different ecological niches.

Ecosystem

A community of living organisms and their physical environment.

Trophic Levels

Levels in a food chain: producers, consumers, and decomposers.

Nutrient Cycle Drivers

Autotrophs and decomposers that help drive the cycling of nutrients in ecosystems.

Limiting Factors

Environmental factors that limit the growth of populations.

Bioaccumulation

The accumulation of substances, such as pesticides, in an organism over time.

Biodiversity

The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Endangered Species

Species that are at risk of extinction.

Concerns about Species Loss

Threats to ecosystem stability and loss of resources and genetic diversity.

Conservation Techniques

Methods used to protect or restore natural habitats and species.