lec 5 joints

What is the difference between a

fibrous joint and a fibrocartilage joint?

FIBROUS JOINTS

• connected by fibrous connective tissue

• not cartilage

FIBROCARTILAGE JOINTS

• connected by fibrocartilage

• not connective tissue

Which fibrous joints are immovable?

Sutures and gomphosis

What movement classification are fibrous joints (Sutures and gomphosis)?

synarthrotic (immoveable)

Which fibrous joints are moveable?

Syndesmosis (ligament)

What movement classification are fibrous (Syndesmosis [ligament]) ?

It is amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable)

What type of tissue is found in a

syndesmosis?

Fibrous connective tissue

What type of joint classification

permits only slight degrees of

movement (partially movable)?

Amphiarthrotic

2 types of types of

CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS?

Fibrocartilage- amphiarthrotic ( a little movement)

Hyaline cartilage- synarthrotic (no movement)

2 examples of

fibrocartilage joints in the classification

of Cartilaginous Joints?

Vertebral discs amphiarthrotic ( a little

movement)

Pubic symphysis amphiarthrotic ( a little

movement)

2 examples of hyaline

cartilage joints, in the classification of

Cartilaginous Joints?

Epiphyseal plate,which is synarthrotic (no

movement)

Costal cartilage, which is synarthrotic (no

movement)

What joints are classified as having no

movement?

Suture (between skull bones), gomphosis

(tooth socket), and synchondrosis (epiphyseal

plate)

What is the most common structure of

joint?

Synovial joints are the most common type of

joint

How much can synovial joints move

ALOT

Where are synovial joints found

Almost every joint you think about is this

type (elbows, knees, hips, fingers)

What is the main thing that stabilizes

the hip joint?

The ligaments around the head of the femur

(not the little one on the fovea capitis)

What type of cartilage is at the ends

of long bones?

hyaline cartilage

What are the abbreviations for the

finger and toe joints?

MPJ: Metacarpal phalangeal joints (fingers) or

metatarsal phalangeal joints (toes).

 IPJ: Interphalangeal joints (knuckles of fingers

and toes)

 There are two types of IPJ’s

DIPJ: distal knuckles

PIPJ: proximal knuckles

The thumb (pollex) and big toe (hallux)

knuckle is just called its IPJ, but the knuckles

of the other digits are identified specifically as

a DIPJ or PIPJ

What lines the inside of the joint

capsule/it’s function?

SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE, which makes

SYNOVIAL FLUID

What are the 2 functions of

SYNOVIAL FLUID?

Function 1: Lubricates the joint, allows

smooth movement. Its viscosity (thickness)

changes with pressure, so that bones will

never touch, even when you jump up and

down (just thickens up).

 Function 2: Nourishes articular cartilage

(which is Avascular [no blood supply]).

Every movement puts pressure on joint,

forcing fluid into cartilage. Therefore, you

need pressure on joints to feed the cartilage.

6 TYPES OF SYNOVIAL

JOINTS,

1. plane (gliding)

2. hinge

3. pivot

4. condyloid

5. saddle

6. ball and socket

What is a plane joint?

Movement in only one plane: transverse or frontal plane. Examples: The carpal and tarsal bones, between the articular processes of the vertebrae, and at the sternoclavicular joint.

What is a hinge joint?

Movement in one plane: sagittal plane.

Examples: The elbow, knee, and interphalangeal (IPJ) joints (finger and toe joints).

What is a pivot joint?

Allows only rotational movements, and the rotational movement is in only one plane: transverse plane. Examples: The joint between the first two vertebrae and the proximal radioulnar joint, where the annular ligament on the ulna encircles the head of the radius.

What is a condyloid joint?

Movement in two planes (biaxial).

Example: Metacarpal-phalangeal joints (MPJ’s)

What is a saddle joint?

Movement in two planes (biaxial).

Each joint surface is both convex in one plane and concave

Example: At the base of the thumb (between the trapezium and metacarpal I). Saddle joints are biaxial joints and allow for the opposable thumb.

What is a ball and socket joint?

Movement in all three planes. Examples: Shoulder and hip joints are ball and socket joints.