GGR321 - Quiz 3 + 4 questions

Cost distance algorithm

1. create a source grid with 0 at starting point and some other value for all other cells

2. create a cost grid with same size and resolution but containing the costs for each cell

3. run the cost distance facility in GIS on these two input grids, output ACS grid along with tracking grid

4. To create the least cost paths, a target grid containing the target/destination points

Historically, the pioneer of Spatial Analysis is considered to be _________ in his study of the cholera outbreak in London, Soho area, in 1850s .

Dr. John Snow

Spatial analysis types:

Inductive

examining empirical evidence in the search for patterns that might support new theories or general principles

Deductive

focusing on the testing of known theories or principles against data

Normative

Using spatial analysis to develop or prescribe new or better designs

In density estimation, as a form of spatial analysis based on distance, the kernel’s shape depends on a distance parameter;

Increasing the value of the parameter results in

a broader and lower kernel

Reducing the value of the (distance) parameter results in

a narrower and sharper kernel

The method of spatial interpolation of rainfall estimates from a few rain gauges to obtain estimates at other locations where rainfall had not been measured:

 

Inverse-distance weighting,

Kriging, 

Thiessen polygons

Thiessen polygons

Short script in ArcPy to set up a workspace in ArcGIS Pro for data located at C:/PythonStart

arcpy.env.workspace = "C:/PythonStart"

Geoprocessing tools; parameters and their properties:

Name

a unique name for each tool parameter

Type

the type of data expected, such as feature class, string, integer, raster

Direction

whether the parameter defines input or output values

Required

whether a value must be provided for a parameter or is optional

3D Analyst

Analyzes and creates 3D GIS data and performs 3D surface operations using rasters, TINs, terrains, and LAS datasets (lidar)

Network Analyst

Measures distances and travel times along a network to find a route between multiple locations, creates drive-time buffers or service areas, and finds the best locations for facilities to serve a set of locations

Image Analyst

Interprets and uses imagery, performs feature extraction and measurement, and performs classification and object detection using machine learning

Spatial Analyst

Finds the most suitable locations, calculate distance and determine optimal paths by incorporating the cost of travel, analyze and interpolate surfaces, calculate density, conduct hydrologic analysis, perform statistical analysis, and perform various raster-based mathematical operation

In spatial analysis hypothesis testing, randomization tests are uniquely adapted to testing hypotheses about spatial patterns - True or False?

True

Geoprocessing in ArcGIS Pro allows to perform spatial analysis and modeling with the use of _____ , ______and , _______ as well as automate GIS tasks.

tools, models, and scripts

Availability of geoprocessing tools in ArcGIS Pro depends in part on license level: Basic, Standard, or Advanced and license for extensions, such as ArcGIS 3D Analyst™, ArcGIS Network Analyst™, and ArcGIS Spatial Analyst™. T or F

True

Assume you're using Python to find areas of suitable vegetation that exclude areas heavily impacted by major roads. Please match accordingly the name of the step with the corresponding line(s) of the script: 

import system modules, set environment settings, select suitable vegetation patches from all vegetation

Types of geoprocessing tools:

Built-in tools

These tools are built using ArcObjects and a compiled programming language such as C++.

Model tools

These tools are created using ModelBuilder.

Script tools

These tools consist of Python scripts that are accessible using a tool dialog box.

ArcPy modules:

arcpy.da

a module for working with data

arcpy.sa

a module for map algebra and raster analysis

arcpy.ia

a module for image analysis and interpretation

arcpy.mp

a map scripting module

Please match the method of accessing Clip tool with correct line of Python code:

by corresponding function:

import arcpy

arcpy.env.workspace = “C:/Data”

arcpy.Clip_analysis(“streams.shp”, “study.shp”, “result.shp”)

Please match the method of accessing Clip tool with correct line of Python code:

by using modules that match the toolbox alias name:

import arcpy

arcpy.env.workspace = “C:/Data”

arcpy.analysis.Clip(“streams.shp”, “study.shp”, “result.shp”)

The Buffer tool has three required parameters and five optional parameters. To specify a dissolve option (e.g., LIST) and the field to use in this dissolve (e.g., CODE), two optional parameters must be skipped. This can be done in several ways. Please choose ALL correct answers:

arcpy.Buffer_analysis("roads", "buffer", "100 METERS", dissolve_option="LIST", dissolve_field="CODE")

 

arcpy.Buffer_analysis("roads", "buffer", "100 METERS", "#", "#", "LIST", "CODE")

 

arcpy.Buffer_analysis("roads", "buffer", "100 METERS", "", "", "LIST", "CODE")

 

arcpy.Buffer_analysis("roads", "buffer", "100 METERS", None, None, "LIST", "CODE")