Gregor Mendel & His Contribution to Genetics

Flashcards covering key concepts related to Gregor Mendel's work in genetics.

Gregor Mendel

Austrian monk known as the 'father of genetics' for his experiments on heredity.

Law of Segregation

Each characteristic is controlled by two factors that separate during reproduction.

Dominant allele

The allele that is expressed in the phenotype.

Recessive allele

The allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present.

Monohybrid cross

A genetic cross involving a single characteristic.

Dihybrid cross

A genetic cross involving two different characteristics.

Punnett Square

A chart used to predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes based on parental alleles.

Codominance

Both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed.

Incomplete Dominance

The heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes.

Polygenic Traits

Traits influenced by multiple genes, leading to a range of phenotypes.

Environmental Influence on Phenotype

External factors, like nutrition and sunlight, can affect the expression of traits.

Locus

The location of a gene on a chromosome.

Genotype

The combination of alleles an organism has.

Phenotype

The physical expression of the genotype.

Homozygote

An organism with two identical alleles.

Heterozygote

An organism with two different alleles.

Probability

The likelihood of an event occurring.

Gamete Formation

The process where alleles segregate into different gametes during meiosis.

Homozygous Dominant

An organism with two dominant alleles.

Homozygous Recessive

An organism with two recessive alleles.

F1 Generation

The first generation of offspring from the parental generation.

F2 Generation

The second generation of offspring obtained from the F1 generation.