Human Development

The Trait theory is what….

a) where researchers look to define personality through stable and lasting behaviour patterns and conscious motivations.

b) where researchers look to define your identity through stable and lasting behaviour patterns and conscious motivations.

c) where researchers look to define your cognitive skills through stable and lasting behaviour patterns and conscious motivations.

a) where researchers look to define personality through stable and lasting behaviour patterns and conscious motivations.

The Myers Briggs test, tests how many different personality types?

a) 13

b) 16

c) 12

d) 18

b) 16

Who was the Myers Briggs test created by

a) Isabel Briggs

b) Sister duo, Isabel Myers and Katherine Briggs

c) Daughter and Mother duo: Katherine Briggs and Isabel Myers

c) Daughter and Mother duo: Katherine Briggs and Isabel Myers

There are four dichotomies in the personality test… which is missing?

• introversion vs. extroversion

• sensing vs. intuition,

• judging vs, perceiving

• thinking vs. feeling

The Social Cognitive Perspective was made by who?

a) Bandura

b) Piaget

c) Darwin

d) Myers

a) Bandura

Social Cognitive Perspective: the _______________ between our traits and their social context 

- ___________ determinism: 

- were both the _________, and the _____________, of the situations we surround ourselves with

• interaction

• reciprocal

• creators / products

Define the personality theory (three point)

Personality Theory: fundamental traits, or characteristic behaviours and conscious motives

Which two theorists have tests that are free association?

a) Hermann Rorschach, Sigmund Frued

b) Sigmund Freud, Jean Piaget

c) Sigmund Freud, Hermann Roschach

d) Hermann Rorschach, Sigmund Freud

d) Hermann Rorschach, Sigmund Freud

This person created the secure attachment theory & strange situation theory… who was it?

a) John Bowlby

b) Jerome Kagan:

c) Erikson

d) Mary Ainsworth

d) Mary Ainsworth

According to the secure attachment theory, In their ______ year, babies rely on their _______ to feel safe while exploring

• first

• caregiver

True or false: Securely attached children are more comfortable with strangers and trust their environment.

true

What does a securely attached mean in children?

• Children who show some distress when their caregiver leaves

• But composes themselves quickly when the caregiver returns

• They feel protected by their caregivers

• They know that they can depend on them to return.

True or False: Insecurely attached children may feel confident and safe around strangers and do not get upset when separated from their caregiver.

• No, they feel frustrated and unsafe

• Possibly get upset when separated from their caregiver

The strange situation is a theory that evaluates…

a) an infants attachment

b) an infants securement

c) an infants insecurity

a) an infants attachment

What are the three things that has to happen in the strange situation to the caregiver?

• introduction

• separations

• reunions

What is the purpose?

To determine if the child has a secure or insecure attachment.

John Bowlby's theory states that newborns…

have a genetic ability to produce attachment behaviour from their primary caregiver.

Why: because attachment ensures their survival as the caregiver gives them protection

How much does the average child grow in a year? (early childhood)

a) 6.32 cm

b) 6.34 cm

c) 6.33 cm

d) 6.35 cm

d) 6.35 cm

How much do these children gain in weight?

a) 2.4 and 33.5

b) 2.2 and 32.5 kg

c) 2.3 and 34.5 kg

d) 2.1 and 31.5 kg

b) 2.2 and 32.5 kg

HINT: THINK OF 22 BY TAYLOR (2.2 OOOOOOO haha get it… anyways).

True or false : The percentage in height, increases and weight decreases with each additional year

True, baby!

What also shows a steady incline (decrease) in regards to physicality?

a) glucose

b) weight

c) body fat

d) all of the above

c) body fat

Which part of the body grows the fastest?

a) arms and the legs

b) head and the arms

c) brain and the head

d) none of the above

c) brain and the head

REMEMBER, PROXMIDSAL GROWTH!

By age 3, the brain is_____________________ of its adult size, and by age 5, the brain has reached about _______________ of its adult size

• three quarters

• nine-tenths

Why does the brain increase in side? (Hint, think of the neurons)

• the nerve endings increase in size, and in number

• increase in myelination.

Why is myelination important?

• because it matures a number of children’s abilities.

• With the myelination sheath, it allows the electrical impulses of the nerves to travel quickly along the nerve cell.

• Think of the myelination sheath as a protection…

Researchers have found that the most rapid brain growth occurs in the frontal lobe between what ages?

a) 3-7 years of age

b) 3-5 years of age

c) 3-4 years of age

d) 3-6 years of age

d) 3-6 years of age

What are the most important changes in emotional development?

•  increased use of emotion language

• understanding of emotion.

• Between what ages do children increase the number of terms they use to describe emotion.

• 2 and 3 years

True or false: Children also begin to learn about the causes and consequences of feelings.

true

Fill in the blank: They also show a growing ___________ about _______________ and __________________ emotions to meet social standards.

• awareness

• controlling

• managing

Which one fosters emotion regulation, attention or negelct?

Attention

Abused and neglected children show what…

a) behavioral difficulties

b) emotional difficulties

c) a and b

d) none of the above

c) a and b.

effects the amygdala (the brain's emotional process), causing these children to…

• internalize their problems,

• heightened anxiety

• emotional reactivity

The max system opened up in 1995 and developed industry-specific solutions for _________________ and _________________ across Canada.

• Medical Clinics

• Chiropractic Clinics across Canada

Which theories created the attachment theory, and how many phases are there?

• Jean Piaget

• four stages

In phase 1, ( Birth to 2 months) infants….

a) instinctively direct their attention to human figures.

b) attachment becomes focused on one figure, usually a primary caregiver.

c) specific attachments develop.

d) none of the above

a) instinctively direct their attention to human figures.

True or false: in phase 2 (2-7 months), attachment becomes focused on one figure, usually a primary caregiver.

True

In what phase do specific attachments develop?

Phase 3: 7–24 months

Phase 4: 24 months on – a__________________ partnership is formed in which children become aware of others’ _________, ________, and ________-.

• goal-directed

• feelings

• goals

• plans

What did Harlow and Zimmer do regarding the attachment theory?

• evaluated whether feeding was what created attachment.

• experiment this by monkeys with clothes/ wire surrogates.

• Baby monkeys always favoured the cloth mom.

What does object permeance mean, and what stage does it occur in according to Piaget theory?

• Understanding that something still exists without seeing it.

• Sensorimotor

What is Centration?

where young children focus on only one noticeable part of…

• a) an object

• b) a situation

• c) or a problem at a time.

• Additionally… they ignore other potentially relevant parts.

Vygotsky’s theory for teaching is that students need many ________________ to learn with the ________________ and more skilled __________.

• opportunities

• teacher

• peers

(ZPD) is…..

• tasks that are too difficult for children to master alone

• but with the guidance and assistance of adults or more skilled children, they can learn them

The right brain…

a) creativity & perception

b) spatial understanding

c) recognizes faces, places, and objects

d) more emotional

e) all of the above

e) all of the above

True or false: the left brain: is associated with speech but not processing language.

FALSE, it is associated with processing language

How long does the preoperational stage last?

from 2–7 years old.

True or false: children’s thoughts are flawed and not organized, as these children still do not yet think operationally.

True

• Animism is the belief that ________________ objects have “lifelike” qualities and are capable of ______________.

• inanimate

• action

For example: A child may believe that a tree pushes its leaves off in the fall, or that the sidewalk made him/her trip and fall down.

True or false: Egocentrism is the inability to distinguish between one’s perspective and someone else’s perspective.

True

Egocentrism is a noticeable feature of….

preoperational thought.