Anatomy and Physiology Online Practice B

1. Which of the following pituitary hormones stimulates the process of gametogenesis?

A. Oxytocin

B. Prolactin

C. Luteinizing hormone

D. Follicle-stimulating hormone

D

2. Which of the following mediates the body's response to stress?

A. Cortisol

B. Calcitonin

C. Thyroid-stimulating hormone

D. Growth hormone

A

3. Which of the following structures of the cell contains hereditary information and genetic material?

A. Nucleus

B. Endoplasmic reticulum

C. Cytoplasm

D. Lysozymes

A

4. When blood leaves the left ventricle of the heart, which of the following structures does it enter next?

A. Aorta

B. Inferior vena cava

C. Pulmonary artery

D. Pulmonary vein

A

5. Which of the following terms identifies the body fluid that lies within the cells?

A. Interstitial fluid

B. Extracellular fluid

C. Synovial fluid

D. Intracellular fluid

D

6. The hip joint is an example of which type of joint?

A. Hinge

B. Ball-and-socket

C. Gliding

D. Pivot

D

7. Which electrolyte level must be sufficient for prothrombin to be converted to thrombin?

A. Calcium

B. Phosphorous

C. Potassium

D. Sodium

A

8. Which of the following parts of the central nervous system is responsible for the control of involuntary respirations?

A. Medulla oblongata

B. Cerebellum

C. Parietal lobe

D. Hypothalamus

A

9. Production of which of the following is a function of the prostate gland?

A. Testosterone

B. Fluid to lubricate the head of the penis

C. Fluid to enhance sperm motility

D. Gonadotropin releasing hormone

C

10. Which of the following components are found in the channels of the cell membrane?

A. Proteins

B. Lipids

C. Cholesterol

D. Diglyceride

A

11. Which of the following types of cells release histamine in response to allergens?

A. B cells

B. T cells

C. Mast cells

D. Dendritic cells

C

12. Which of the following terms identifies the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels?

A. Central venous pressure

B. Blood pressure

C. Pulse pressure

D. Mean arterial pressure

B

13. Which product is the result of cellular respiration?

A. Oxygen

B. Glucose

C. Carbon dioxide

D. Adenosine triphosphate

D

14. Which of the following is a type of connective tissue?

A. Skin

B. Bladder

C. Blood

D. Spinal cord

C

15. Where are nutrients absorbed to be transported into the bloodstream?

A. Stomach

B. Gallbladder

C. Pancreas

D. Small intestine

D

16. Which of the following valves prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium of the heart?

A. Aortic

B. Tricuspid

C. Pulmonic

D. Mitral

B

17. Which of the following processes is used to transport water and small solute particles through a membrane from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area?

A. Filtration

B. Phagocytosis

C. Osmosis

D. Active transport

A

18. Which of the following is the hormone that regulates urine output?

A. Thyroid-stimulating

B. Antidiuretic

C. Adrenocorticotropic

D. Follicle-stimulating

B

19. Which of the following functions is associated with the dermal layer of the skin?

A. Collagen formation

B. Vitamin D activation

C. Melanin production

D. Storage of extra calories

A

20. Which of the following glands is responsible for secreting epinephrine and norepinephrine that help in the "fight or flight" reaction?

A. Parathyroid

B. Testes or ovaries

C. Adrenal medulla

D. Posterior pituitary

C

21. Breastfeeding provides which of the following types of immunity for an infant?

A. Artificial active

B. Natural active

C. Artificial passive

D. Natural passive

D

22. Which of the following blood types is identified as the universal donor?

A. negative

B. positive

C. AB positive

D. A positive

A

23. A normal adult bladder has the capacity to hold up to how many mL of urine before involuntary micturition is likely to occur?

A. 200

B. 400

C. 600

D. 800

C

24. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

A. Growth hormone

B. Luteinizing hormone

C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone

D. Antidiuretic hormone

D

25. Which of the following is the average length of the female urethra?

A. 2.5 to 3.8 cm (1 to 1.5 in)

B. 5.1 to 6.4 cm (2 to 2.5 in)

C. 12.7 to 14 cm (5 to 5.5 in)

D. 15.2 to 16.5 cm (6 to 6.5 in)

A

26. Which of the following tissues attaches muscle to bone?

A. Fascia

B. Tendon

C. Ligament

D. Bursa

B

27. Which of the following statements about lymph circulation in the human body is accurate?

A. The movement of lymph in the lymphatic vessels goes one way only.

B. Large molecules are unable to enter the lymphatic system.

C. Lymph flows through the capillaries and then moves into larger vessels called arteries.

D. Lymph is formed because of the phagocytosis in the capillaries.

A

28. Which of the following describes the anatomical region that contains palatine tonsils and lymph nodes?

A. Laryngopharynx

B. Nasopharynx

C. Oropharynx

D. Pharynx

C

29. Which of the following is a solution containing a salt concentration lower than the concentration in red blood cells?

A. Hypotonic

B. Isotonic

C. Hypertonic

D. Solute

A

30. Which of the following describes the function of the pyloric sphincter?

A. Regulate the evacuation of stool from the colon.

B. Prevent regurgitation of food from the stomach into the esophagus.

C. Control passage of chyme from the pylorus to the duodenum.

D. Manage movement of digested products from the small to large intestine.

C

31. Which of the following is the correct order of the protective meningeal layers of the brain from inside to outside?

A. Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid

B. Arachnoid, dura mater, pia mater

C. Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater

D. Arachnoid, pia mater, dura mater

C

32. Which of the following antibody types mediates the body's response to an allergen?

A. IgA

B. IgD

C. IgE

D. IgG

C

33. Which of the following statements accurately describes the pericardium?

A. It consists of two layers of fibrous tissue with a small space in between them.

B. It is muscle tissue found in the wall of each chamber of the heart.

C. It is a very thin layer of smooth tissue found in each chamber of the heart.

D. It is a sheet of muscle extending across the bottom of the thoracic cavity.

A

34. Which of the following processes is the result of mitosis?

A. Tissue repair

B. Cell defense

C. Cellular respiration

D. Cell destruction

A

35. Which of the following processes is the first step in urine formation?

A. Filtration

B. Concentration

C. Reabsorption

D. Secretion

A

36. Which of the following structures is located between the descending colon and the rectum?

A. Sigmoid colon

B. The cecum

C. The jejunum

D. Ascending colon

A

37. Hematopoiesis occurs in which of the following structures?

A. Liver

B. Spleen

C. Adrenal glands

D. Bone marrow

D

38. Which of the following is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?

A. Decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles

B. Increased cardiac output

C. Decreased respiratory rate

D. Increased urinary output

B

39. After passing through the glottis, inspired air travels through which of the following structures next?

A. Larynx

B. Trachea

C. Pharynx

D. Bronchi

A

40. Which of the following is a structure of the inner ear?

A. Tympanic membrane

B. Cochlea

C. Stapes

D. Auricle

B

41. Which of the following terms describes myocardial relaxation during the cardiac cycle?

A. Systole

B. Depolarization

C. Diastole

D. Repolarization

C

42. Which of the following structures is commonly referred to as the Adam's apple and is a landmark for the trachea?

A. Hyoid bone

B. Cricoid cartilage

C. Epiglottis

D. Thyroid cartilage

D

43. Which of the following structures are involved in the production of renin?

A. Cortical nephrons

B. Juxtaglomerular cells

C. Beta cells

D. Juxtamedullary nephrons

B

44. Which of the following is the function of the ureters?

A. To conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder

B. To conduct urine from the bladder to outside the body

C. To move filtrate from the glomerulus to the loop of Henle

D. To move filtrate from the loop of Henle to the collecting duct

A

45. Which of the following electrolytes plays an essential role in the clotting of blood?

A. Sodium

B. Magnesium

C. Calcium

D. Potassium

C

46. Which of the following hormones stimulates the production of breast milk after delivery of the fetus?

A. Oxytocin

B. Follicle-stimulating hormone

C. Prolactin

D. Progesterone

C

47. Which of the following tissues connects bones to joints?

A. Fascia

B. Muscle

C. Cartilage

D. Ligaments

D

48. Which of the following is a function of the liver?

A. Lipid metabolism

B. Electrolyte reabsorption

C. Erythropoietin production

D. Insulin synthesis

A

49. Which of the following processes must occur for the second meiotic division of the ovum to complete?

A. Ovulation

B. Fertilization

C. Gametogenesis

D. Spermatogenesis

B

50. Which of the following is a mechanism of heat loss that depends on evaporation?

A. Sweating

B. Urinating

C. Vasodilation

D. Vasoconstriction

A

51. Which of the following hormones is produced by the thyroid gland and is active in calcium metabolism?

A. Aldosterone

B. Calcitonin

C. Thyroxine

D. Parathyroid

B

52. Which of the following vessels directs blood to the lungs?

A. Pulmonary artery

B. Pulmonary veins

C. Aorta

D. Superior vena cava

A

53. Which of the following is associated with wound healing by primary intention?

A. Minimal scar tissue

B. Prolonged healing time

C. Formation of granulation tissue

D. Contraction of wound edges

A

54. Blood pH is measured by the gain and loss of which of the following?

A. Bicarbonate

B. Carbon dioxide

C. Hydrochloric acid

D. Hydrogen

D

55. Which of the following terms describes the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli?

A. Ventilation

B. Respiration

C. Inhalation

D. Exhalation

A

56. Which of the following structures will develop if the process of collagen formation is not inhibited?

A. Keloid

B. Scar

C. Callus

D. Scab

A

57. Which of the following is responsible for the skin coloration of a suntan?

A. Keratin

B. Sebum

C. Melanin

D. Hemoglobin

C

58. Which of the following bones is a component of the appendicular skeleton?

A. Xyphoid process

B. Symphysis pubis

C. Sacrum

D. Sternum

B

59. Which of the following is a by-product that is produced as the result of oxygen debt?

A. Lactic acid

B. Myoglobin

C. Carboxyhemoglobin

D. Hemoglobin

A

60. Which of the following structures of the respiratory system is the site of gas exchange?

A. Pleurae

B. Alveoli

C. Trachea

D. Bronchioles

B

61. Which of the following plasma proteins is synthesized by the liver and contributes to the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood?

A. Globulin

B. Albumin

C. Fibrinogen

D. Complement

B

62. During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, high levels of which hormone is secreted to stimulate growth and maturation of the ovum?

A. Progesterone

B. Estrogen

C. Luteinizing hormone

D. Follicle-stimulating hormone

B

63. What is the name of the specialized junction that neurons of the nervous system utilize to communicate?

A. Synapse

B. Postsynaptic receptor

C. Neurotransmitter

D. Dendrite

A

64. Which of the following occurs at the beginning of systole in a healthy heart?

A. The ventricles contract.

B. The atria contract.

C. The mitral valve opens.

D. The tricuspid valve opens.

A

65. Which type of glial cells are found only in the brain and spinal cord and produce myelin?

A. Astrocytes

B. Microglia

C. Ependymal cells

D. Oligodendrocytes

D

66. Bile aids in the digestion of which of the following?

A. Fat

B. Protein

C. Vitamins

D. Carbohydrates

A

67. Which structure of the heart conduction system spreads the electrical impulse to the myocardial contractile cells in the ventricle?

A. Sinoatrial node

B. Atrioventricular node

C. Bundle of His

D. Purkinje fibers

D

68. Which of the following is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood?

A. Hematocrit

B. Hemoglobin

C. Mean corpuscular volume

D. Reticulocyte count

A

69. Which type of immunity is achieved through annual flu immunization?

A. Artificial active immunity

B. Nonspecific innate immunity

C. Artificial passive immunity

D. Natural passive Immunity

A

70. Which of the following is a substance secreted by the pleura that prevents friction during breathing?

A. Mucous

B. Surfactant

C. Serous fluid

D. Angiotensin

C