South Sudan Secondary 1 Chemistry Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive practice questions and answers covering chapters on laboratory safety, separation of mixtures, states of matter, atomic structure, acids, bases, salts, and redox reactions based on the Secondary 1 Chemistry Student’s Book.

What is the definition of Chemistry according to the textbook?

Chemistry refers to the study of the composition, structure and properties of substances under different conditions.

What are seven types of laboratory safety symbols listed in the text?

Highly flammable, Toxic, Irritant, Radioactive, Corrosive, Explosive, and Harmful.

How should a student correctly smell a gas in the laboratory?

Hold the gas source $15-20\,cm$ away from the nose and waft the gas towards the nose using the palm.

What is the function of a Burette?

A burette is used for measuring accurate volumes of liquids or solutions during chemical analysis, featuring a tap to release liquids drop by drop.

What are the three main parts of a Bunsen burner?

The chimney, the collar, and the base.

What causes the yellow color and soot in a luminous flame?

Unburnt carbon particles resulting from incomplete combustion due to insufficient oxygen.

What is the difference between a filtrate and a residue in the filtration process?

The liquid that passes through the filter paper is the filtrate, while the solid that remains on the paper is the residue.

Which separation method is best for two immiscible liquids like cooking oil and water?

The use of a separating funnel.

What is the specific application of fractional distillation mentioned regarding crude oil?

It is used to separate crude oil into groups of individual hydrocarbons called fractions based on their different boiling points.

Name the fractions produced during crude oil distillation in order of lowest to highest boiling point.

Refinery gas, Gasoline (petrol), Naphtha, Kerosene, Diesel oil, Lubricating oils/waxes, and Bitumen.

What is 'cracking' in the context of the oil industry?

A process that converts large hydrocarbon molecules into useful smaller ones by heating them to high temperatures and passing them over a catalyst.

Define 'Matter'.

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

What are the three states of matter and their characteristic properties regarding shape and volume?

Solids have fixed shape and volume; liquids have fixed volume but no fixed shape; gases have no fixed shape or volume.

How does the Kinetic Theory of Matter describe particles in a solid?

Particles are closely packed and held in fixed positions by strong interparticle forces of attraction, causing them to vibrate rather than move location.

Define the process of 'Sublimation'.

Sublimation is a chemical process where a solid turns into a gas without passing through the liquid state.

What is 'Brownian motion'?

The random, zigzag movement of particles suspended in a fluid resulting from collisions with quick-moving particles in the fluid, discovered by Robert Brown in $1827$.

What is an Atom?

The smallest particle into which an element can be divided without losing the chemical properties of that element.

What are the Latin names for Potassium and Sodium used to derive their chemical symbols?

Potassium is Kalium ($K$) and Sodium is Natrium ($Na$).

What are the three sub-atomic particles and their respective relative charges?

Protons ($+1$), Electrons ($-1$), and Neutrons ($0$).

What is the formula for calculating the mass number ($A$) of an atom?

$A = Z + N$, where $Z$ is the atomic number (protons) and $N$ is the number of neutrons.

What is the electronic configuration of a Calcium atom with $20$ protons?

$$2.8.8.2$$

Define an 'Isotope'.

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different mass numbers.

What is a 'Radical' in chemistry?

A group of chemically combined atoms that behave as if they are a single ion in reactions and carry a charge.

State the chemical formula for Aluminum oxide.

$$Al_2O_3$$

What are the reactants and products in the word equation: $Magnesium + oxygen \rightarrow Magnesium\,oxide$?

The reactants are Magnesium and oxygen; the product is Magnesium oxide.

What is an Acid according to the textbook?

A substance which when dissolved in water dissociates to give hydrogen ions ($H^+$) as the only positively charged ions.

What are the pH ranges for strong acids and strong bases?

Strong acids range from $pH$ $1$ to $3.5$; strong bases range from $pH$ $10.5$ to $14$.

What color does phenolphthalein indicator turn in a basic solution?

Pink.

What is a 'Normal salt'?

A salt formed when all the replaceable hydrogen ions of an acid are replaced by a metal or ammonium radical.

Define 'Redox' reaction.

A reaction that involves both reduction (loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen/electrons) and oxidation (gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen/electrons) processes occurring simultaneously.

What are the rules for assigning oxidation numbers to free elements and simple ions?

The oxidation number of any free uncombined element is $0$; the oxidation number for a simple one-atom ion is equal to its charge.

What is the oxidation number of Sulfur in sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$)?

$$+6$$

In the reactivity series, which metal is listed as the most reactive?

Potassium.

What occurs during a displacement reaction?

A more reactive element removes a less reactive element from its aqueous salt solution.