Cell Cycle and Mitosis Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for key terms related to cell cycle, mitosis, and binary fission.

G₁ phase

The first gap phase of interphase, during which the cell grows, copies organelles, and makes molecular building blocks.

S phase

The phase of interphase where the cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus.

G₂ phase

The second gap phase of interphase, during which the cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents.

Interphase

The time in the cell cycle between one mitotic phase and the next, consisting of G₁, S, and G₂ phases.

Mitosis

A type of cell division in which one cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells.

Binary Fission

The process where prokaryotic cells replicate their chromosome.

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm to form two new cells, typically overlapping with the final stages of mitosis.

Cleavage furrow

The pinch crease formed during cytokinesis in animal cells.

Cell plate

A structure that forms down the middle of a plant cell during cytokinesis, splitting it into two daughter cells.

Prophase

The first phase of mitosis.

Metaphase

One of the phases of mitosis, when the chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell.

Anaphase

A phase of mitosis during which the sister chromatids separate.

Telophase

The final phase of mitosis, during which two nuclei are formed.