UET102 Module 3 - Diodes, Transistors, and RL-RC Circuits

A collection of vocabulary terms and their definitions related to diodes, transistors, and circuit analysis from UET102 Module 3.

Diode

An electronic component that allows current to flow in only one direction, typically used for converting AC to DC.

Rectifier

A device that converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC).

N-Type Semiconductor

A type of semiconductor created by doping with elements that have five outer electrons, providing extra free electrons for conduction.

P-Type Semiconductor

A semiconductor formed by doping with elements that have three outer electrons, creating holes that act as positive charge carriers.

PN Junction

The junction formed between p-type and n-type semiconductors, crucial for diode functionality.

Forward Bias

The condition where a diode allows current to flow by connecting the positive side of the power source to the p-region and the negative to the n-region.

Reverse Bias

The condition when a diode is connected in such a way that it prevents current from flowing, connected oppositely to forward bias.

Avalanche Breakdown

The process where a high reverse voltage causes a sudden increase in current in a diode, potentially leading to damage.

Zener Diode

A special type of diode designed to operate in reverse bias and maintain a stable reference voltage.

Transistor

A semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

A type of transistor that uses current to control the flow of current; consists of emitter, base, and collector.

Field-Effect Transistor (FET)

A type of transistor controlled by voltage applied to the gate terminal, which influences current flow through the device.

Reactance

The opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC) caused by capacitance or inductance.

Power Supply

A system that provides electrical power; consists of a rectifier, filter, and regulator.

Cutoff Frequency

The frequency at which the output voltage of a filter circuit is reduced to 70.7% of its maximum value.

Common-Source Amplifier

A basic amplifier configuration using a FET where the source is common to both input and output.

Inductive Reactance

The opposition to current change in an inductor caused by its magnetic field.

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

A law stating that the total voltage around any closed loop in a circuit equals zero.

Phase Shift

A change in the timing of a wave, measured in degrees, that represents how much one wave is out of sync with another.

Energy Band Diagram

A graphical representation of the energy levels of electrons in a solid, showing conduction and valence bands.